Abstract :

This study explores the impact of sport on the social inclusion and economic well-being of people with disabilities in the community and its contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relating to the social inclusion and economic well-being of people with disabilities. Data is collected by purposive sampling and analyzed using a qualitative method. The patterns of results show that sports can potentially transform the lives of people with disabilities, promoting social inclusion and empowerment. However, attitudinal and structural barriers, such as ableism and a need for inclusive practices in sports clubs, often hinder this potential. To overcome these challenges, develop and enact disability-inclusive sports policies. The discussion proposes some implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly social inclusion, economic well-being, participation, and equality targets. Social inclusion through sport, equal economic opportunities, and encouraging the participation of athletes with disabilities in various competitions align with the SDGs’ vision to create an inclusive, equitable, and sustainable society for all people.

---

Keywords :

Disabilities, Economic inclusion, Sports, Sustainable Development Goals

---

References :

1. R. Shapiro, B. G. Pitts, M. A. Hums, and J. Calloway, “Infusing Disability Sport into the Sport Management Curriculum,” choregia, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 101–118, Apr. 2012.
2. C. Chawla, “ABC of Sports Medicine: Sport for people with disability,” BMJ, vol. 308, no. 6942, pp. 1500–1504, Jun. 1994.
3. Z. Kohe and D. M. Peters, Eds., High-Performance Disability Sport Coaching. Routledge, 2016.
4. Aitchison, A. B. Rushton, P. Martin, M. Barr, A. Soundy, and N. R. Heneghan, “The experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: A systematic review and narrative synthesis,” Disabil. Health J., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 101164, 2022.
5. Grandisson, J. Marcotte, B. Niquette, and É. Milot, “Strategies to Foster Inclusion Through Sports: A Scoping Review,” Inclusion, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 220–233, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1352/2326-6988-7.4.220.
6. Irene Kamberidou, Alexandros Bonias, and Nikolaos Patsantaras, “Sport As A Means Of Inclusion And Integration for ‘Those Of Us With Disabilities,’” 2019.
7. Burns, “The Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Parasports,” 2020.
8. Klenk, J. Albrecht, and S. Nagel, “Social participation of people with disabilities in organized community sport,” Ger. J. Exerc. Sport Res., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 365–380, May 2019.
9. Thomson, S. Bridges, B. Corrins, J. Pham, C. White, and A. Buchanan, “The impact of physical activity and sports programs on community participation for people with intellectual disability: A systematic review,” J. Intellect. & Dev. Disabil., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 261–271, Mar. 2020.
10. Orr, M. B. Evans, K. A. Tamminen, and K. P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos, “A Scoping Review of Recreational Sport Programs for Disabled Emerging Adults,” Res. Q. Exerc. Sport, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 142–157, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1653432.

11. Toptas Demirici, “Recreational Activities for with Disability: School-Aged Children and Adolescents,” Int. J. Recreat. Sport. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 46–57, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.46463/ijrss.533037.
12. Kharchenko and L. Ziming, “The Relationship between Sports Industry Development and Economic Growth in China,” Account. Financ., no. 1(91), pp. 136–140, 2021, doi: 10.33146/2307-9878-2021-1(91)-136-140.
13. Inoue, M. Sato, and K. Filo, “Transformative Sport Service Research: Linking Sport Services With Well-Being,” J. Sport Manag., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 285–290, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1123/jsm.2020-0102.
14. Jetzke and M. Mutz, “Sport for Pleasure, Fitness, Medals or Slenderness? Differential Effects of Sports Activities on Well-Being,” Appl. Res. Qual. Life, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1519–1534, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11482-019-09753-w.
15. Eigenschenk et al., “Benefits of Outdoor Sports for Society. A Systematic Literature Review and Reflections on Evidence,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 937, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16060937.
16. Spruit, M. Kavussanu, T. Smit, and M. IJntema, “The Relationship between Moral Climate of Sports and the Moral Behavior of Young Athletes: A Multilevel Meta-analysis,” J. Youth Adolesc., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 228–242, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10964-018-0968-5.
17. Sivaramakrishnan et al., “Psychosocial outcomes of sport participation for middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol., pp. 1–22, Nov. 2021.
18. T. Sutcliffe, S. Graupensperger, M. J. Schweickle, S. M. Rice, C. Swann, and S. A. Vella, “Mental health interventions in non-elite sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol., pp. 1–24, Nov. 2021.
19. Huk, “The Social Context of the Benefits Achieved in eSport,” New Educ. Rev., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 160–169, Mar. 2019.
20. Buecker, T. Simacek, B. Ingwersen, S. Terwiel, and B. A. Simonsmeier, “Physical activity and subjective well-being in healthy individuals: a meta-analytic review,” Health Psychol. Rev., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 574–592, Jun. 2020.
21. Legg, M. Dubon, N. Webborn, and C. Blauwet, “Advancing sport opportunities for people with disabilities: from grassroots to elite,” Br. J. Sports Med., vol. 56, no. 22, pp. 1266–1267, Aug. 2022.
22. Nhamo and P. Sibanda, “Inclusion in Sport: An Exploration of the Participation of People Living with Disabilities in Sport,” Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Heal. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 5–9, May 2021, doi: 10.31254/sportmed.3102.
23. J. Maher and J. A. Haegele, “Disabled children and young people in sport, physical activity and physical education,” Sport. Educ. Soc., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 129–133, Sep. 2021.
24. Carroll, K. Witten, and C. Duff, “‘How can we make it work for you?’ Enabling sporting assemblages for disabled young people,” Soc. Sci. Med., vol. 288, p. 113213, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113213.
25. Saran, X. Hunt, H. White, and H. Kuper, “Effectiveness of interventions for improving social inclusion outcomes for people with disabilities in low and middleincome countries: A systematic review,” Campbell Syst. Rev., vol. 19, no. 1, 2023.
26. Lory et al., “A Meta-analysis of Challenging Behavior Interventions for Students with Developmental Disabilities in Inclusive School Settings,” J. Autism Dev. Disord., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1221–1237, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04329-x.
27. Gilmore, J. Ziviani, and L. Sakzewski, “Efficacy of group social skills interventions on social competency and participation in adolescents with acquired and developmental disabilities: a systematic review protocol,” JBI Evid. Synth., vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2618–2632, Jul. 2020.
28. McHale et al., “What is the effect of changing eligibility criteria for disability benefits on employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from {OECD} countries,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 12, p. e0242976, Dec. 2020.
29. R. Entrich, “Understanding Cross-National Differences in Inclusive Education Coverage: An Empirical Analysis,” IAFOR J. Educ., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 21–40, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.22492/ije.9.1.02.
30. Watkins, K. Ledbetter-Cho, M. O’Reilly, L. Barnard-Brak, and P. Garcia-Grau, “Interventions for students with autism in inclusive settings: A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis.,” Psychol. Bull., vol. 145, no. 5, pp. 490–507, 2019.
31. Krämer, J. Möller, and F. Zimmermann, “Inclusive Education of Students With General Learning Difficulties: A Meta-Analysis,” Rev. Educ. Res., vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 432–478, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.3102/0034654321998072.
32. St. John, G. Borschneck, and J. Cairney, “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining the Effect of Exercise on Individuals With Intellectual Disability,” Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil., vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 274–286, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.4.274.
33. Uršič, “Employment In Social Enterprises Within The Typology Of Employment Models For People With Disabilities,” Teor. praksa, pp. 745–765, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.51936/tip.59.3.745-765.
34. Taylor et al., “The impact of competitive integrated employment on economic, psychological, and physical health outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities,” J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 448–459, Jan. 2022.
35. Hutchinson, K. Lay, J. Alexander, and J. Ratcliffe, “People with intellectual disabilities as business owners: A systematic review of peerreviewed literature,” J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 459–470, Dec. 2020.
36. A. Malli, L. Sams, R. Forrester-Jones, G. Murphy, and M. Henwood, “Austerity and the lives of people with learning disabilities. A thematic synthesis of current literature,” Disabil. & Soc., vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1412–1435, Oct. 2018.
37. Kubenz and D. Kiwan, “‘Vulnerable’ or Systematically Excluded? The Impact of Covid-19 on Disabled People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries,” Soc. Incl., vol. 11, no. 1, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.17645/si.v11i1.5671.
38. Tefera, M. L. Van Engen, A. Schippers, A. H. Eide, A. Kersten, and J. Van der Klink, “Education, Work, and Motherhood in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Review of Equality Challenges and Opportunities for Women with Disabilities,” Soc. Incl., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 82–93, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.17645/si.v6i1.1206.
39. Bright, S. Wallace, and H. Kuper, “A Systematic Review of Access to Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 2165, Oct. 2018, doi 10.3390/ijerph15102165.
40. B. Miles and J. M., and Saldana, Qualitative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook. Sage Publications, 2014.
41. McConkey, F. Pochstein, L. Carlin, and S. Menke, “Promoting the social inclusion of players with intellectual disabilities: an assessment tool for sport coaches,” Sport Soc., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 430–439, Oct. 2019.
42. R. Pate, T. Scheadler, C. Spellings, A. Malnati, and S. Hillyer, “Sport as a tool for community leaders of people with disabilities: exploring an innovative, immersive exchange training program,” Manag. Sport Leis., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 146–160, Aug. 2019.
43. Jeanes, R. Spaaij, J. Magee, K. Farquharson, S. Gorman, and D. Lusher, “Developing participation opportunities for young people with disabilities? Policy enactment and social inclusion in Australian junior sport,” Sport Soc., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 986–1004, Nov. 2018.
44. Fitzgerald, “Sport is Not for All: The Transformative (Im)possibilities of Sport for Young Disabled People,” in Sport and Physical Activity across the Lifespan, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018, pp. 175–191. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-48562-5_9.
45. M. Hammond, A. Bundon, C. Pentifallo Gadd, and T. Konoval, “Enactments of Integrated, Disability-Inclusive Sport Policy by Sporting Organizations,” Sociol. Sport J., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 35–46, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1123/ssj.2020-0151.
46. Powis, “Transformation, advocacy and voice in disability sport research,” in Transforming {Sport}, Routledge, 2018, pp. 248–259.
47. Kemenpora, “Wapres Ma’ruf Amin: Peparnas XVI Ajang Istimewa, Pembuktian Semangat Kesetaraan,” 2021. https://www.kemenpora.go.id/detail/1266/ (accessed Feb. 06, 2021).