Abstract :

Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among displaced populations in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for an estimated 30 million women living in malaria endemic area become pregnant each year. Recent literature indicates that over 140 million people in Nigeria with 97% of the population are at risk from malaria infection. To assess the current status and burden of malaria in pregnancy among women in IDPs camps in Maiduguri, a cross sectional study on the relationship between pregnancy and malaria parasitaemia was conducted among pregnant IDPs women in Maiduguri. Of the 100 pregnant women enrolled in the study and screened for malaria infection, 40 (40%) were examined in Dalori camp, 37 (37%) were examined in Bakasi and 23 (23%) were examined in Aji ganaram camp. The prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women based on different IDPs camps reveals that, 42(42.0%) out of the 100 pregnant women examined in all the three camps were infected with malaria parasitaemia. In Dalori camp 19(47.5%) out of 40 women examined were infected, while in Aji ganaram camp 16(43.2%) out of 37 women examined were infected, likewise in Bakasi 7(30.4%) out of 23 women examined were infected respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between camps and malaria infection (p˃0.5). Similarly, the prevalence of malaria infection based on age group. Of the sample examined 68 (68%) out of the 100 women examined were infected with malaria parasitaemia, the age group of <15 years had the lowest malaria infection rate with 2 (2.0%) and there was significantly higher prevalence rate of malaria infection  recorded in age group of 15-45 years old women with 66(66.0%). %).  However, prevalence of malaria parasitaemia based on marital status in study population reveals that 51(51.0%) out of 100 women examined were infected with malaria infection. There was significantly higher prevalence among widows with 29(54.7%), followed by 18 (48.6), and followed by 4(40.0%) in single (not married women) respectively. Chi-square analysis shows significant difference between widows, married, single and infection rate (p˃0.05).The study showed a strong correlation between age, marital status and malaria infection among pregnant women in IDPs camps. The morbidity and mortality burden of malaria in the study population among pregnant women in internally displaced persons camps could be reduced drastically by proper prevention strategies, good dietary feeding, good shelter and improving diagnosis.

---

Keywords :

burden, current status, IDPs camps, malaria, pregnancy, some selected, women

---

References :

1. Federal Ministry of Health. National Malaria Control Program Strategic Plan 2009 – 2013. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health; 2009.
2. Department of international development, 2011, Malaria country profile: version 1.1
3. World Health Organization (2003). Strategic Framework for Malaria Control during Pregnancy in the WHO Africa Region. Geneva, WHO.
4. Birganie AB (2010) An African Initiative for the Protection of the Rights of Internally Displaced People. Human Rights Law Review 10: 179±190.
5. Charchuk R, Paul MKJ, Claude KM, Houston S, Hawkes MT (2016) Burden of malaria is higher among children in an internal displacement camp compared to a neighbouring village in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Malaria Journal 15: 1±9.
6. Spencer S, Grant AD, Piola P, Tukpo K, Okia M, Garcia M, et al. (2004) Malaria in camps for internally displaced persons in Uganda: evaluation of an insecticide-treated bednet distribution programme. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98: 719±727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.01.012 PMID: 15485702
7. Brooks HM, Jean Paul MK, Claude KM, Mocanu V, Hawkes MT (2017) Use and disuse of malaria bed nets in an internally displaced persons camp in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A mixed-methods study. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0185290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0185290
8. Lam E, McCarthy A, Brennan M. Vaccine-preventable diseases in humanitarian emergencies among refugee and internally-displaced populations. Hum Vaccin Immunother2015;11:2627-36.
9. Guerrier G, Zounoun M, Delarosa O, Defourny I, Lacharite M, et al. (2009) Malnutrition and Mortality Patterns among Internally Displaced and Non-Displaced Population Living in a Camp, a Village or a Town in Eastern Chad. PLoS ONE 4(11): e8077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008077
10. Owoaje ET, Uchendu OC, Ajayi TO, Cadmus EO. A review of the health problems of the internally displaced persons in Africa. Niger Postgrad Med J 2016;23:161-71.
11. WHO. World malaria report: 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
12. McGregor IA. Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg.1984;33:517–25.
13. McGregor IA, Wilson ME, Billewicz WZ. Malaria infection of the placenta in The Gambia,
14. West Africa; its incidence and relationship to stillbirth, birth weight and placental weight. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983;77:232–44.
15. Bader E, Alhaj AM, Hussan AA, Adam I. Malaria and stillbirth in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010;109: 144–6.
16. Yatich NJ, Funkhouser E, Ehiri JE, Agbenyega T, Stiles JK, Rayner JC, et al. Malaria, intestinal helminths and other risk factors for stillbirth in Ghana. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2010;2010:350763.
17. Enesia Banda Chaponda1,2*, Daniel Chandramohan2, Charles Michelo3, Sungano Mharakurwa4,5, James Chipeta6 and R. Matthew Chico2 High burden of malaria infection in pregnant women in a rural district of Zambia:a cross‑sectional study Malar J (2015) 14:380 DOI 10.1186/s12936-015-0866-1
18. Bates I, Frenton C, Gruber J, Lalloo D, Lara AM, Squire SB, Iheobald S, Thomson R, Tolhurst R (2004). Vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS infection at individual and household level. Lancet Infect. Dis., 267-277.
19. Ronald LA, Kenny SL, Klinkenberg E, Akoto AO, Boakye I, Barnish G, Donnelly MJ (2006). Malaria and anaemia among children in two communities of Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional survey. Mal. J. 9 (5): 105
20. WHO (2015) Methods Manual Microscopy for the detection, identification and quantification of malaria parasites on stainedthick and thin blood films in research settings
21. Adam, I., Khamis, A.K and Elbashir, M.L. (2005). Malaria Journal.4:18.
22. Augusta O. Okwute (PhD), Amina Sanda (PhD), Musa Usman (PhD), community development in emergency situation: a case study of internally displaced persons in borno state. International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 5 No. 6 June 2017
23. T. Hla-Shein, T. Soe-Soe, and K. Ne-Win, “The level of knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to malaria inOo-do village, Myanmar,” Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 546–549, 1998.
24. B. E. Bassey, J. E. Asor, and M. F. Useh, “Profile of malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural community in Nigeria,” The Open Parasitology Journal, vol. 1, pp. 1–6, 2007.
25. Masaninga F, Chanda E, Chanda-Kapata P, Hamainza B, Masendu H, Kamuliwo M, et al. Review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in Zambia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;3:89–94.
26. Batool Sharifi-Mood, Malaria in Pregnant Women Int J Infect. 2015 July; 2(3): e22992.