Abstract :
Script for the Balinese people is not just a symbol of sound, but is considered a symbol of the birth of knowledge which is commemorated as Saraswati day. Deeper than that, the script is a symbol of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa and His manifestation. This study aims to reveal the theology of script in the Saiwasogata religion in Bali. The research data was collected through literature study, and analyzed by symbol theory. The result of this research is the script used to represent Saiwasogata theology in Bali. These scripts include the Pre-Nagari script and Pallawa script derivatives, namely Old Bali and New Balinese script. Currently, the New Balinese script is used more to represent Saiwasogata theology, classified into Wréastra, Swalalita, and Modré scripts. Based on the results of the analysis it can be stated that the script is used as a symbol to express the concept of divinity and the religious teachings of Shiwa and Buddha. In the Kasogatan religion in Bali, it is used to express the Tathāgata concept, using sacred scripts from éka scripts to Buddhist tenets and mantras that explain the Buddha as the true truth. The Buddha through his dharma advised that humans try to defeat māra and try to reach nirwana. In the Shiwaist religion, the script is also used as a symbol of God, including manifestations. This script is used as a medium to understand the essence of Shiwa Tattva. This concept is explained using sacred scripts from ékaksara to sodasaksara and mantras that explain Shiwa Tattva, is the philosophy of divinity and the universe. An understanding of Shiwa Tattva is needed so that Atmika Tattva tries to realize his own purity as a spark of God in order to achieve true happiness or moksha.
Keywords :
I Ketut Sudarsana, I Nyoman Rema, I Nyoman Temon AstawaReferences :
- Agastia, I. B. G. (2005). Aksara Bali, Skiptografi, Dan I Gusti Ngurah Bagus. In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 235–48. Denpasar: Program S2-S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Astawa, A. A. G. O. (2006). Stupika Tanah Liat Dari Situs Pantai Lovina Kalibukbuk, Buleleng Bali. Forum Arkeologi 19 (2): 11–24.
- Astawa, A. A. G. O. (2007). Agama Buddha Di Bali. Denpasar: Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Balai Arkeologi Denpasar.
- Astawa, A. A. G. O. (2008). Stupika Dan Materai Tanah Liat Desa Uma Anyar, Kecamatan Seririt, Kabupaten Buleleng Bali. Forum Arkeologi 21 (2): 26–40.
- Astra, I G. S. (1997). Birokrasi Pemerintahan Bali Kuno Abad XII-XIII: Sebuah Kajian Epigrafis. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.
- Bandana, I W. G. S. (2005). Ongkara Aksara Penuh Makna. In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 155–68. Denpasar: Program S2-S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Budiastra, P. & Widia, W. (1981). Stupika Tanah Liat. Denpasar: Proyek Pengembangan Permuseuman Bali.
- Edward Caird, E. (2015). The Evolution of Theology in the Greek Philosophers. Vol. 1. Oregon: Wift & Stock Publishers.
- Goris, R. (1976). Sedjarah Bali Kuna. Singaradja: Diperbanyak oleh Lembaga Research Institut Hindu Dharma Denpasar.
- Juliantari, N. K., Sudarsana, I. K., Badra, I. K., Jatiyasa, I. W., Yasmini, W. Y., & Gayatri, I. A. M. (2020). Local Wisdom in Traditional Games as a Family Literacy Media. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(09).
- Juynboll, H. H. (1923). Oudjavaansche-Nederlansch Woordenlijst. E.J. Leiden: Brill.
- Medera, I N. (2005). “Aksara Dalam Upacara Agama Di Bali.” In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 91–112. Denpasar: Program S2-S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Nala, N. (1991). Usada Bali. Denpasar: Upada Sastra.
- Nala, N. (2006). Aksara Bali Dalam Usada. Surabaya: Paramita.
- Nerawati, N. G. A. A., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2020). The Role of Pasraman Kilat in Raising Sradha and Bhakti of Teenagers. Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu, 4(1), 74-80.
- Nyoman, N. N., Ketut, S. I., & Wayan, B. N. (2021). Efektifitas Bermain Finger Painting Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Seni Menggambar Pada Anak Usia Dini Kelompok B Di TK Giri Kusuma Desa Pelaga Tahun 2020. Pratama Widya: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 153-158.
- Perni, N. N., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2020). Teaching Education Values Of Hindu Religious Through Satua I Lacur. Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies, 4(1), 36-50.
- Purwiati, I. A. M. (2005). Aksara Ongkara Dalam Upacara Pitra Yadnya. In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 169–82. Denpasar: Program S2-S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Ra, A. (2008). Pranawa Om. Surabaya: Paramita.
- Ratna, I N. K. (2005). “Peran Aksara Dalam Perubahan Budaya Global: Menyimak Nilai-Nilai Kelisanan Dan Keberaksaraan.” In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 129–54. Denpasar: Program Studi Magister (S2) dan Program Doktor (S3) Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Ratna, I N. K. (2009). Stilistika Kajian Puitika Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Ratni, N. P., Donder, I. K., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2019). Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Pada Tokoh Sri Rāma Dan Hanūmān Dalam Teks Rāmāyaṇa. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(1), 116-133.
- Redig, I W. (2010). Perkembangan Buddhisme Di Indonesia (Sebuah Kajian Arkeologis). Forum Arkeologi 23 (1): 23–41.
- Redig, I W. & Prawirajaya R, K. D. (2018). Arca-Arca Buddhis Koleksi Museum Nasional Indonesia Dan Arca-Arca Vihara Masa Kekinian. Denpasar: Program Studi Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana.
- Sedyawati, E. (2009a). Bhineka Tunggal Ika Tan Hana Dharmma Mangrwa. In Saiwa Dan Bauddha Di Masa Jawa Kuna, 27–34. Denpasar: Widya Dharma.
- Sedyawati, E. (2009b). Tema Sekitar Pantheisme Pada Tinggalan Arkeologi Hindu-Buddha Abad VIII-X. In Saiwa Dan Bauddha Di Masa Jawa Kuna, 131–36. Denpasar: Widya Dharma.
- Strauss, A. & Juliet Corbin. (2003). Dasar-Dasar Penelitian Kualitatif. Tatalangkah Dan Teknik-Teknik Teoritisasi Data. Penerjemah Shodiq Dan Imam Mutagien. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Suastika, I M. (2005). Kaligrafi Dalam Kebudayaan Bali. In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 249–58. Denpasar: Program S2-S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Sudarsana, I K., Sekarini, N. M., Gunawan, I G. D., Gunada, I W. A., Januariawan, I G. (2023). Fostering Students’ Creativity Through Hinduism Education-Based Bincang Esaba Program, Journal of Namibian Studies, 34
- Sudarsana, I K., Marsono, Sentana, G. D. D., Mastini, G. N. (2023). The Impact of Post-Online Learning Gadget Usage on Students’ Hinduism Learning Behavior and Learning Outcomes. European Chemical Bulletin 12(5)
- Sudiarta, I W. (2005). Aksara Wijaksara Dala Ulap-Ulap: Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Kebudayaan. In Keberaksaraan Dalam Kebudayaan, 183–206. Denpasar: Program S2-S3 Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana.
- Sugriwa, I G. B. (2012). Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan. Denpasar: Pusat Kajian Bali dan Udayana University Press.
- Suwadnyana, I W., Wastawa, I W., Sudarsana, I K. (2023). The Myth Of Yeh Haa: Mapag Toya Tradition Communication System In Water Conservation. Journal of Namibian Studies, 34
- Suwindia, I G., Kurnia Wati, N. N., Sudarsana, I K. (2023). Services Quality Evaluation of the Senior High School Hindu Religious Education during Covid-19 Pandemic: Students’ vs Teachers’ Perspectives. European Chemical Bulletin 12(8), 1389-1398
- Tim Penyusun. (1983). Kamus Kecil Sanskerta-Indonesia. Bali: Proyek Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Pemda Tk. I Bali.
- Titib, I M. (2003). Teologi Dan SimbolSimbol Dalam Agama Hindu. Surabaya: Paramita.
- Wastawa, I W., Rema, I N., Purnomo Arta, P. E., Sudarsana, I K. (2023). Communication Theology in Relief Sculptures at Maduwe Karang Temple. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(3), 364
- Wikarman, I N. S. (2002). Ngaben (Upacara Dari Tingkat Sederhana Sampai Utama). Surabaya: Paramita.