Abstract :

Research is one of the tri-focal functions of a university. The educational institution is the first home and ‘engine’ of scientific studies. Educational institutions infinitely embrace research as humans continuously thirst for knowledge to improve our quality of life. Thus, ethical research practice has always been an issue and matter of academic concern in schools. This article aims to review evidence of ethical research practices in educational institutions. The references and sources of this literature review came from known research databases such as Google Scholar, Open Access Directory Journals, and prominent University Websites with specific sections on Research and Ethics. Furthermore, this provides a better understanding and a general picture of research ethical practices in schools that led to the development of a conceptual framework that illustrates the supposed-to-be ethical research practices and standards for schools that lead to the crafting of quality studies that are worth publishing and disseminating. Research ethical considerations and principles guide research designs and implementations. These include the universal standard and norm of ensuring the voluntary participation of and obtaining informed consent from research participants (Bhandari, 2022; Felzmann, 2009; & Resnik, 2020). Furthermore, this review also led to the researchers’ assumption that research ethical practices and principles are associated with the level of personal ethics and moral values of a researcher and that there is a difference in the degree of practice and consideration of research ethics with respect to the nature, purpose, and design of research. Lastly, this article illustrated in its framework that the assumptions and the primary principles of research ethics (Resnik, 2020; & Smith, 2003) are inputs to ethical considerations in research. Hence, these concepts strongly underpin the significant roles of the technical review boards (TRBs) and the research ethics committees (RECs) in educational institutions to ensure that academic and scientific research done in the school setting is of quality and with academic integrity, credibility, trustworthiness, and rigor (Bhandari, 2022).

---

Keywords :

educational Institutions, Ethical Research Practices, Literature Review, Research Ethics.

---

References :

1. Bhandari, P. (2022). Ethical considerations in research | Types & examples. Scribbr. Retrieved from: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/research-ethics/
2. Chenneville, T., Gardy, S. (2022). Ethics in mental health research. Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/research-ethics
3. Felzmann, H. (2009). Ethical issues in school-based research. The Association of Research Ethics Committees – Research Ethics Review. 5(3), 104-109. Presented at AREC conference ‘Vulnerable groups – ethical dimensions and dilemmas’ Birmingham, 19 March 2009.
4. Fink, A. (2005). Conducting research literature reviews: From the internet to paper. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
5. Fink, A. (2014). Conducting research literature reviews: From the internet to paper. Fourth edition. Thousand Oaks
6. Georgia State University Library. (2020, July 7). Literature Reviews: Introduction. RESEARCH GUIDES. https://research.library.gsu.edu/c.php?g=115595
7. Gilligan C (1993): In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
8. Honderich, T. (1995). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
9. Kagan S (1998): Normative ethics. Westview Press.
10. Kalichman, M. (2010). Introduction: What is research ethics? Resources for Research Ethics Education. Online Ethics Center. Retrieved from: https://onlineethics.org/cases/resources-research-ethics-education/introduction-what-research-ethics
11. Kant I (1785): Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals.
12. M., & Abadiano, M. (2022). Learning modules for research writing. Quezon City: Wiseman’s Book Trading, Inc.
13. Marshall P.A., Adebamowo C.A., Adeyemo A.A., Ogundiran T.O., Strenski T., Zhou J., Rotimi C.N. (2014). Voluntary participation and comprehension of informed consent in a genetic epidemiological study of breast cancer in Nigeria. BMC Med Ethics. 2014 May 13;15:38. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-15-38. PMID: 24885380; PMCID: PMC4032563.
14. Mejorada, E., Doong, J., Retorta, M.A., Curayag, C.M., Lonzon, W., Ederio, N., & Calaca, N. (2023). Students’ Knowledge in Citing Sources at St. Paul University Surigao. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(1), 207-213. doi: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i1-21
15. Resnik, D. (2020). What is ethics in research & why is it Important? National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Retrieved from: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
16. Singer P (1993): Practical Ethics, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
17. Smith, D. (2003). Five principles for research ethics. American Psychology Association (APA) Website. 34(1): 56. https://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/principles
18. Sutton, A. (2016). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review. Los Angeles, Ca: Sage.
19. Steneck NH, Bulger RE (2007): The history, purpose, and future of instruction in the responsible conduct of research. Academic Medicine. 82(9):829-834.
20. The University of Edinburgh Website. https://www.ed.ac.uk/institute-academic-development/study-hub/learning-resources/literature-review
21. Trochim, W.M.K. (2023). Research methods knowledge base: Ethics in research. Retrieved from: https://conjointly.com/kb/ethics-in-research/
22. University of South Carolina. (2020). LibGuides: Conducting a Literature Review: Home. Home- Conducting a Literature Review- LibGuides at University of North Florida. https://libguides.unf.edu/c.php?g=177129.
23. University of Stirling Website (2023). https://www.stir.ac.uk/research/research-ethics-and-integrity/understanding-ethics/
24. Website of the Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania. https://guides.library.bloomu.edu/litreview
25. Yale University Website (2023). https://your.yale.edu/research-support/human-research/research-participants/rights-research-participant