Comparative Analysis of Selected Heavy Metals and Trace Elements Content in Hair Dyes Products at Sudanese Market and Their Health Implications

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight.  They have been included in many industrial, domestic, medical and agricultural applications. This raised concerns over their health implications and the environment. The present study was conducted in Khartoum state for females utilizing commercial hair dye, aimed to study health implications of selected heavy metals and trace elements in commercially available hair dyes. The main aim of the present research work refers to the high degree of toxicity of some heavy metals, such as cadmium, mercury, lead and others, that are of public health significance. These health implications depend on various factors such as, type of chemical materials, route of exposure, age, gender, nutritional status, etc. In this context, the researcher compared the findings related to the present studied trace elements and heavy metals with other studies in the literature. 313 participants participating in this study, ages between less than 20 years and more than 40 years. Most of them of university education level. Many of participants have gray hair. The results of this study showed the presence of lead, copper, chromium, nickel and cadmium in all of the analyzed hair dye samples. The pure mineral dyes have higher concentrations of the heavy metals than the synthetic dyes studied. Long term and frequent use of these products polluted with such heavy metals should be avoided. They may cause slow release of metals into the human body and may pose serious health risksto their users. Regulatory agencies saddled with maintaining standard of products should regularly monitor these products for long-term health benefits of the users. Heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cu,, Hg Cr and Ni, were found in all hair dye samples tested. Heavy metals in blood samples of participants cause many symptoms and disease after using hair dyes.  The most concentrated   heavy metals and trace elements (i.e. Pb, Cd, Mn, Hg, Cu and Ni) in blood samples of participants were tested. Results clarified that the high concentration represented for LEAD in blood samples by FLAME AAS and GF AAS. The results also showed the socio demographic factors for using hair dyes, and factors behind using synthetic hair dyes instead of natural hair dyes. Many studies and researches that focused on the topic of the current study confirmed the presence of heavy metals in the cosmetics of poetry of hair dyes and different types of henna. Some women differ in the presence of heavy metals in their vital components, such as hair and blood, depending on their use of cosmetics and the number of times used.