The Effect of Crude Papain as Coagulant on Chemical Characteristics and Energy Value of Susu Goreng Based On Goat’s Milk

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Experiment aimed was determined the influence of using crude papain as coagulant on the chemical properties and energy value  of susu goreng based on goat  milk.  The completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications was applied in this experiment. The crude papain levels tested consist of P1= 0.5%, P2= 1.0%, P3= 1.5% and  P4= 2.0% of milk volume. The variables measured was moisture, protein, fat, total sugar, lactose, calcium and energy value. Susu goreng obtained has moisture ranged of 52.99 to 54.08%; protein 24.88 to 29.05%; fat 22.30 to 25.75%; lactose 0.69 to 1.38%; total sugar 2.72 to 4.4%; calcium 0.68 to 0.77% and energy value 1989.28 to 2507.09 kcal/100 g. Analysis of variance showed that treatment had close significant effect (P<0.01) on total sugar, calcium and lactose, significant (P<0.05) on energy value but had no significant (P>0.05) on moisture, protein and fat. It can be concluded that the use of crude papain as a coagulant with a level of 0.5 to 2% produces susu goreng with varying chemical characteristics. The use of crude papain level 0.5% is the best where the susu goreng produced has the characteristics of the higher protein content, calsium and energy value, the lowest lactose content and total sugar.

The Effect of Using Crude Papain as Coagulant on Chemical Characteristics and Energy Value of Susu Goreng Made from Cow’s Milk

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This study aimed to determine the effect of crude papain on the chemical characteristics and energy value of fried milk made from cow’s milk. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The levels of crude papain tested were P1 = 0.5%, P2 = 1%, P3 = 1.5% and P4 = 2.0%, of milk volume. The variables studied included protein content, total sugar, lactose, calcium and energy value.  The collected data were processed according to the variance analysis procedure. The fried milk produced had protein content; 9.9 – 11.87%, fat 6.59 – 9.59%, lactose 4.84 – 8.72%; total sugar 28.25 – 36.75%; calcium 0.23 – 0.26% and energy value 2712.47 – 3388.25 calories/100g. The results of variance analysis showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on fat content, total sugar, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on lactose content, but not significant (P>0.05) on protein, calcium, and energy value of fried milk. It was concluded that the use of crude papain produced fried milk with varying levels of fat, total sugar and lactose but protein, calcium and energy value tended to be the same. The best results were obtained with the use of crude papain 0.5%.

Government Expenditure and Poverty in East Java Province

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This study aimed to examine the effect of government spending on poverty in East Java Province. Government spending was examined in terms of spending on education, health, and social protection. The method used was a quantitative approach. Multiple regression analysis was used to test three hypotheses in the study. The population of this study is the Expenditure Realization Report by Function in the APBD of 38 districts/cities in East Java Province in 2017-2021. This study used a saturated sample so that the entire population was used as a sample, amounting to 190 data. The results showed that education expenditure affects poverty with a positive and significant direction of influence. Health expenditure affects poverty, although with a negative direction of influence. Social protection expenditure affects poverty, although with a negative direction of influence. This study is expected to contribute to the government in allocating government spending so that it is following priorities and is right on target for people who are more in need.

Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline Reinforced Flexible and Stretchable Strain Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity for Smart Wearable and Skin-Mounted Applications

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Flexible and stretchable strain sensors have emerged as promising components for integration into smart wearable devices and skin-mounted applications. These sensors enable accurate detection of physiological signals, thereby finding unique applications in diverse fields such as human health monitoring, soft robotics, human-machine interface, prosthetics, virtual reality, and professional sports. Two commonly utilized types of strain sensors are capacitive and resistive strain gauges, owing to their low production cost, simplified circuitry, and ease of construction. While resistive strain gauges exhibit high sensitivity, they are prone to nonlinearity and hysteresis. On the other hand, capacitive strain gauges demonstrate linear behavior with minimal hysteresis but offer lower sensitivity. In this study, we capitalize on the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes, including high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, along with using polyaniline as an exemplary conductive polymer. These materials are employed as a reinforcing phase within the polymer matrix, while the dielectric layer is comprised of Ecoflex® 00-30. An interdigitated pattern is specifically designed for this strain gauge to enhance sensitivity. Through this research, we aim to develop a flexible and stretchable strain sensor with enhanced sensitivity and improved performance characteristics.

Extraction and Characterization of Bio-Silica from Sri Lankan Traditional Rice Husks and Evaluation to TLC Application

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Rice husk (RH) is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes, but can be identified as a useful bio resource. Gonabaru, Kahawanu, Patchaperumal, Dahanala and Suwandel are five immerging traditional rice varieties, competing with genetically improved rice in Sri Lankan rice market. Ash content of RHs of traditional rice varieties (>20.0%) was comparatively higher than genetically improved rice. It was identified that additional acid washing step was essential to improve the purity of bio silica. Mineral impurities such as Na, K, Ca, Fe and Mn were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). High silica content was extracted from RHs of traditional rice varieties (>23.0%) than that of improved variety, BW 364 (~16.2%). The functional groups present in Rice husk ash (RHA) and rice husk silica (RHS) were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The potential application of purified RHS was observed by preparing and analyzing the thin layer chromatography (TLC) in comparison with commercial TLC silica.

Proposed Human Capital Management Strategy to Improve Elementary School Teachers’ Competencies in Rahuning, North Sumatra, Indonesia (Case Study of SDIT Ar-Rahmah)

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The issue of low teacher competence in Indonesian schools outside of the big cities requires solutions from the outside and inside of the school. From within the organization, Human Capital Management (HCM) provides a beneficial framework for improving teachers’ competence and overall school quality. This study aims to understand the low competency issues and the HCM system in Ar-Rahmah Rahuning Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT Ar-Rahmah) and formulates competency development programs using Lifelong Learning (LLL) approach. In this mixed method research, a survey conducted on teachers’ competency in SDIT Ar-Rahmah using the Teacher’s Competence model outlined by the Director General of Teachers and Education Personnel in 2023 to evaluate four teacher’s primary competence (pedagogic, personal, social, and professional competence), followed by a qualitative study on the HCM system, focusing on the competency development program. The study reveals that the average teachers in SDIT Ar-Rahmah indicate the need to improve pedagogic and social competence. Further, the HCM system in SDIT Ar-Rahmah lacks Professional Development and Performance Management for its teachers. The HCM system is highly reliant on the School Principal, which causes issues in developing Professional Development and Performance Management. A competency development program is formulated using Lifelong Learning approach to ensure continuous improvement throughout the teachers’ employment. The program focuses on six key elements: 1) formal and nonformal education, 2) introspection and self-assessment, 3) self-motivated learning, 4) application of knowledge and skills, 5) evaluation and improvement steps, and 6) provision of facilities and tools that foster Lifelong Learning habits.

The Effect of Illuminance Artificial Light Interior on Color Difference Identification in People with Colour Vision Deficiency (CVD)

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Individuals with color vision deficiency (CVD) face challenges in various daily activities that require color identification such as selecting appropriate clothing combinations, identifying ripe fruits or vegetables, et cetera. This study aims to identify the best illuminance artificial lighting for color difference identification among individuals with CVD in Indonesia (0,7%). The research focuses on the quantitative analysis of experimental data to assess the effect of different types of illuminance artificial lighting on color perception in participant with CVD. A controlled experiment was conducted with a sample of individuals diagnosed with CVD (Deutronomali, Deutronopia, and Protonopia), utilizing a standardized color difference identification test based on Natural Color system (NCS) as the color experiment tools. The participant was exposed to different artificial lighting conditions, including various intensities (illuminance) and different color background (black or white) for each category. Quantitative data is collected, focusing on the accuracy, speed, and total steps for completing the task under different artificial illuminance conditions. Statistical analysis, including analyses of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analyses, are conducted to examine the relationship between illuminance lightings and color difference identification in individual with CVD. The results based on the analysis of duration, number of steps, and accuracy, the optimal illuminance level for identification color differences falls within the range 400-500 lux. The second-best illuminance level falls within the range 300-400 lux. In conclusion, range 300-500 lux are the best illuminance level for perceiving color variation.

Islamic Moderate Values in Teaching Classic Islamic Books at Modern Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

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This study discusses Islamic moderation in learning classic Islamic books at modern Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the application of Islamic moderation in learning classics and the supporting factors for the successful application of religious moderation in learning classics at the Islamic Boarding School of Modern al-IstiqamahNgatabaru Indonesia. This study used qualitative methods, and data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are three indicators in the application of Islamic moderation in learning the ‘yellow book,’ namely the application of moderation in the learning process, the application of moderation in the form of understanding, and the application of moderation in the form of practice in worship. The supporting factors for Islamic moderation in learning the ‘yellow book’ are, Islamic boarding schools are not tied to one school of thought, ustad provides the broadest possible understanding to students, ustad does not indoctrinate students to follow one school of thought, ustad is not allowed to justify one school and blames on the other hand, students are free to choose the schools they believe in strongly. While the inhibiting factors are the limited practice of santri worship, senior santri are not allowed to influence junior santri, and learning the ‘yellow book’ is still limited. The implications of Islamic moderation in understanding the ‘yellow book’ at the Modern al-IstiqamahNgatabaru Islamic Boarding School are elastic and flexible, tolerant, not categorized, and not confused in making choices. Many alums are in different Islamic mass organizations, and alums join student organizations that are diverse, and active in religious activities in the community.

E-Commerce Product Demand Modelling Using Machine Learning Algorithm Case Study of Rice Trading Products in PT XYZ

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E-commerce XYZ is an Indonesian commerce company that have 3 types of products in its B2C business line: trading, consignment, and marketplace. From January 2021 until October 2022, the company’s trading rice category product sales generated a negative profit. Even though for the last several years e-commerce has been focused on growth instead of profitability, the current economic environment is forcing e-commerce companies to focus on profitability as well. For trading products, maximum profit can be achieved in two ways: selling products with a very high margin but with less quantities or selling in large quantities but with a sub-optimal margin. Hence, the company needs to find a demand function model that can be used to generate maximum profit. To find the best model, the researcher first created a baseline model by using median for every product group which is already grouped based on their Unit of Measurement. Next, to find the best model, the researcher will create a demand function using 4 other models. It is found that Gradient Boosted is the best algorithm to model the demand function. Although this model successfully models a demand function for a product category in e-commerce, business context still needs to be added before this model can be implemented in real life as well as finding other features that might affect the demand function.

Social Media and Some Notes When Using

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The world currently exists, moves and develops as a “flat world”, which is both unified, contradictory, cooperative and struggling. Participating in that process is the great role of the mass media, which is now the power of multimedia and, more specifically, social media. Thanks to the exploitation and application of outstanding achievements of information technology, social media exists on digital platforms with many faces. However, besides the outstanding advantages compared to other types of multimedia communication, social media also has disadvantages that users need to be aware of when using. The article is going to investigate the relationship between social media and social networks. Besides, a number of advantages and disadvantages of social media are also indicated clearly, which serves as the basis for the author to propose certain measures to improve the social network environment as well as reduce inconvenience to users. In the article, the Code of Conduct on social networks promulgated by the Ministry of Information and Communications of Vietnam is analyzed to help users to be aware of ethical standards of behavior on social networks as well as maintain and develop personal freedom, business freedom, and non-discriminatory service providers at home and abroad, contributing to building a safe and healthy social network in Vietnam.