The Relationship between Age Groups and Perception of Online Learning

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The Coronavirus has disrupted teachings in many schools as they change from on-site learning to online learning. Although this has caused many difficulties, due to safety concerns of parents and multiple lockdown procedures, online learning is still being implemented. This led to a question of how students in different age groups perceive the benefits of online learning differently from each other. The main purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between age groups to establish direction for an opportunity to conduct future studies into the individual problems with online learning. To test this relationship, a google form was sent out as part of a cross-sectional study to online platforms, in which 253 participants from the age of 13 and above were randomly selected. To analyze the results, Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 was used. The One-way ANOVA table was calculated, where it did not show any statistically significant difference between age groups in their perception of online learning (p=0.82).

Perceptions of Parental Functions among Married People in Benin

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Parental function remains one of the rare “jobs” that people exercise without any prior formal preparation. The consequences associated with poor parenting skills, however, raise many social issues. An important factor in positive parenting is the partage of and ability to fulfill parental roles. Unfortunately, parenthood is a very little explored field of research in Benin. To identify perceptions of parental roles in the country, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with married women and men were conducted. The results indicate a distinct division of parental functions along maternal-paternal lines with respondents perceiving sexual division of responsibilities as being ‘natural’ rather than through a gendered lens. And yet, the reality is that maternal ability to engage in income-generation activities is critically important in fulfilling parental roles and this is negatively impacted by childcaring responsibilities, especially in contexts of high fertility.

In the context of developing and implementing parenting support policies, this data could be useful to public authorities and structures intervening in this field.

Frequency of Stroke Acquired Pneumonia in Patients Admitted In Intensive Care Unit with Stroke

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Stroke is a highly morbid entity and it can be fatal directly due to neurological damage and affecting the respiratory system or can add to over all morbidity and mortality due to its associated complications like stroke associated pneumonia (SAP).

Objective: To determine the frequency of stroke acquired pneumonia in ICU patients.

Study Design: Descriptive case series.

Settings: Department of Medicine, THQ Hospital, Sargodha.

Period: Six months from October, 2020 to April, 2021

Material & Methods: In this study, the cases of either gender and age 30 to 70 years suffering from stroke within 12 hours were included. SAP was labelled on the basis of fever, cough and non homogenous opacities on chest X-ray.

Results: In the present study, 160 cases of stroke were included and out of these 82 (51.25%) were males and 78 (48.75%) females. The mean age of the subjects was 54.24±7.15 years and mean duration of stroke was 7.05±2.54 hours. There were 35 (21.88%) cases that had DM, 28 (17.50%) had HTN and 30 (18.75%) of cases had history of smoking. Stroke acquired pneumonia (SAP) was seen in 20 (12.50%) of the cases. SAP was seen in 12 (15.38%) female cases as compared to 8 (9.75%) males with p= 0.34. SAP was more seen in cases with DM where this was observed in 7 (20%) of the cases as compared to 13 (10.4%) with no DM with p= 0.15. SAP was seen in 5 (17.85%) cases with HTN and 4 (13.33%) cases with history of smoking with p values of 0.35 and 1.0 respectively. SAP was seen in 15 (14.42%) cases with duration of stroke 6-12 hours in contrast to 5 (8.92%) cases with duration less than this with p= 0.45.

Conclusion: Stroke acquired pneumonia is not uncommon and is seen in more than 1 out of every 10 cases and it is more seen in females and those with history of DM, HTN and duration of stroke 6 to 12 hours; though none of this variable was found statistically significant.

Institutional Factors Influencing Access to County Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Makueni County, Kenya

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of institutional factors on access to County Vocational Education and Training institutions in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was informed by the existence of a large number of youths in the County who have not enrolled in CVETIs hence leading to high population of idle youths with low or no relevant employable skills which contributes to increased dependency ratio, high unemployment rates, engagement in drug and substance abuse and other social-evils. The study sought to investigate whether, the career guidance services influence access to County Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was guided by Human Capital Theory (HCT). The study employed descriptive research design. The study targeted 28 registered Public Vocational institutions in Makueni County. The study used stratified simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to obtain a random sample of 21 managers, 87 instructors and 316 trainees drawn from 21 randomly selected Vocational institutions. Questionnaires, interview schedule and an observation check list were used to collect data.  Data were processed and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Descriptive statistics that is, frequency distributions, percentages, means and standard deviations were generated and used in describing and discussing the research findings. Statistical tests were done using a T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% Confidence Interval of the difference (α=0.05). An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare mean difference between if career guidance influence access to county vocational education as well as training institutions and professional qualification of the managers. The findings of the study revealed that, Most of the vocational institutions have no organized and functional career guidance departments to provide in-depth information on individual courses, inadequate career guidance services has an influence on access to CVETIs and trainees’ career progression. Based on this findings the study recommended that the institutions should establish functional career guidance departments to provide in-depth information on individual courses and career guidance on vocational education to be introduced at the lower level of basic education.

Performance Analysis of Dental and Oral Therapists in Efforts to Manage Dental Services during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Garut Regency

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Based on Garut Regency staffing information in 2020 that the performance target of dental and oral therapist employees during the Covid-19 pandemic was almost 53% in the moderate category so that the performance of dental and oral therapist employees decreased in the performance category compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To determine the performance of dental and oral therapists in the management of dental services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Methods: Using descriptive analytic design with qualitative methods with spearman rho test on dental and oral therapists in the work area of ​​Garut Regency by using data collection by questionnaire with the help of google forms. Results: The results showed that the performance of dental and oral therapists during Covid-19 in the Garut Regency area was still classified as having moderate criteria of 71.23% and efforts to manage dental services during the Covid-19 period showed good criteria of 86.30%. Conclusion: The performance of dental and oral therapists during the Covid-19 period in Garut Regency was classified as moderate, while in the management of dental services the criteria were good with p value = 0.652 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that this study is not significant.

Effect of Inflation, Economic Growth, and Tax Rates on Tax Ratios in Asian Countries in the Period 2015-2020

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This research was conducted to analyze the Effect of Inflation, Economic Growth, and Tax Rates on Tax Ratios in ASEAN Countries either partially or simultaneously. The sampling method is purposive sampling. This study used 7 ASEAN countries with a sample number of 42 data. This type of data is secondary data sourced from World Bank and OECD data. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The findings of this study are based on the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that partial inflation has a negative effect on the tax ratio in ASEAN countries in the period 2015-2020. Partial economic growth and tax rates have no effect on the tax ratio in ASEAN Countries in the period 2015-2020. Based on the results of the F test it was concluded that Inflation, Economic Growth, and Tax Rates simultaneously have a significant effect on the tax ratio in ASEAN Countries in the period 2015-2020.

Road Accident Scenario: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Chhattisgarh State, India

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This paper has been carried out the road accident of district wise in Chhattisgarh State, India. The main analysis of this paper is spatio – temporal distribution of road accidents, death, and injured person by vehicles in the state according to month, diurnal, different types of vehicles, roads, and area wise. January is the most accidental, death, and injured month during the year 2018-2020. The diurnal variation of road accidents shown at evening to night time from 6-9 PM is the maximum. At the evening time the most of people have faced low visibility problems and the mainly in cold winter season. The paper has been Analysis of vehicles wise, the two-wheeler is the highest road accident then four-wheelers shows at because maximum people traveling from one place to another place through this vehicles. According to the road, wise, rural, and district roads have been maximum shows in various districts of the Chhattisgarh state. The rural area indicates more accidents as compared to the urban area because 76.76% of people live in the rural area. Road accidents are increasing day by day due to the high growth rate of the population with the rapid increase of registered motor vehicles but road density and road space have not increased. The district wise accident severity indexes have been shown the maximum cases in Kondagaon, Jashpur district, and the high accident risk district in Raipur. Raipur, Bilaspur, and Durg district shows the maximum road accident in the state. All over India faced COVID-19 pandemic situation from March 2020 and shows the minimum road accident and deaths but an injured person is increased. The government urgently takes appropriate action and needs to improve road safety for this worsening situation.

Biodiversity of Freshwater Algae from Temple Tank

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The study aims to find the diversity of freshwater algae present in the temple tank of Adikesava Perumal temple, Korattur, Chennai. The samples were collected in plastic bottles from various sites in the temple tank. The samples were checked for their pH and temperature. The samples were brought to the laboratory and maintained in an open tank under direct sunlight for 4 weeks. The observation and documentation of the algae were done using the LABOMED VISION 2000 Binocular microscopic unit. Many different varieties of algal species were found from the samples collected. From this, we can conclude that temple tanks act as the best source of a sustainable environment for the growth of algae with diversity and can also be used to monitor the pollution level.

Extraction & Analysis of Algal Pigments by Thin Layer Chromotography & Spectrophotometric Analysis

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The study focuses to extract and analyse the algal pigments present in the lithophilic algae collected from various sites in the concrete walls of Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras. The samples collected were stored in sterile plastic ware and cultured in a growth medium in the laboratory for further analysis. Significant algal growth was observed in media enriched with CaCo3.Microscopic observations reveals filamentous algae of the family Cyanobacteria. The cultured algal biomass was treated with solvent and the pigments were extracted. The pigment extracts were analysed using two-dimension thin layer chromatography (TLC) and confirmed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The filamentous algae have significant amount of Chlorophyll a &b and Carotenoids.

Effect of Molar Ratio on Structure of PPy-PVA Composite Film

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A chemical oxidation method is used to synthesize pyrrole with ferric chloride as oxidant to prepare polypyrrole. Multiple chemical oxidations were carried out using various molar ratios. A stock solution of PolyVinyl Alcohol was produced to form composites of polymers. The PPy-PVA composites were achieved with the help of solution casting method to obtained free standing films. These composites films were characterized using SEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. The result of SEM, FTIR, and XRD reveals that the surface morphology varies as per the molar ratio. Along with the surface morphology molar ratio the conductivity of composite films was studied in the temperature range 303 K-343 K using two probe conductivity method. It has been observed that molar ratio also plays an important role in the conductivity of composite films.