A Comparative Study on the Efficiency of Stakeholder Involvement in Community-Based Tourism (CBT) Development

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Community-based tourism (CBT) is a development strategy for the community to manage its resources through the use of tourism as a medium. For CBT to operate, communities may rely on the external assistance in their development project. These stakeholders are academia, local government, and international organizations. This paper compares the work efficiency of these stakeholders’ and their involvement in operating CBT strategies. A total of 535 online respondents with work experience as different stakeholders are gathered and compared. The results shows that local government involvement is ranked the most attentive by the community, followed by the assistance of academia, the community itself, and international organizations (where appropriate). This outcome supports the idea in the literature where government is the most crucial external stakeholder to reach out to during the planning stage of CBT development, but it also suggests that the involvement of academics is more efficient than that of international organizations, possibly due to the fact that academics are from a smaller set of individuals or group with theories and consultancy expertise in the field of CBT rather than the international organizations that are more general with the power and resources they could offer. In future study, in-depth interviews with different stakeholder members would allow further explanation and observation of these relationships.

Single Visit Apexification Using MTA: A Case Report

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Trauma to the dentition during the period of root formation may cause incomplete development of root resulting in open apex. In order to eliminate infection from root canal endodontic treatment is a tooth-saving treatment modality. The absence of a natural apical constriction in a nonvital permanent tooth makes endodontic treatment a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to induce or create an apical barrier against, which the obturating material can be condensed. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide is considered as the gold standard to induce apexification. Due to certain drawbacks such as very long treatment period, possibility of tooth fracture, and incomplete apical barrier formation, it is being replaced by materials, which have a more predictable outcome like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). One-step apexification with MTA reduces the treatment time when compared with traditional calcium hydroxide apexification, which requires an average time of 12–19 months. Also, MTA has various other superior properties compared to calcium hydroxide that are discussed below in detail along with successful treatment of an immature permanent tooth with open apex wherein MTA was used for one-step apexification.

Feminist Issues and the Popularity of Feminist Literature in the World and Vietnam

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Currently, feminism and feminist movements seem to have become “popular” and is extremely in favor of all aspects of social life. Especially in the field of literature, the trend of feminist research shows that the need for equality and charity as well as the fight for gender equality is becoming more and more urgent both in the world and Vietnam. This is a large and in-depth research topic, but with the limited volume of the article, the author only mentions feminism issues, feminist theory as well as the popularity of feminist literature. At present time comparing and contrasting feminist literature in the world as well as in Vietnam so far. Since then, it is clear that the value of feminist literature and the popularity of feminist literature is an inevitable development in the current gender equality trend.

Mapping Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Akure Industrial Layout for Sustainable Development

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This research aimed at mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Industrial Layout located in Akure Ondo State Nigeria. The dataset used are the administrative map of Ondo State, Akure Industrial Layout Boundary,various Landsat imageries of 32m resolution which are Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1986 & 1991, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM)+ of 2002, Operational Land Imager / Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) of 2014, 2017, 2020; and Worldview 3 image 2020 of 1.24m resolution. The Landsat data were used to extract the different Land use/Land cover (LULC) within the study area. GPS receiver and Worldview 3 image were used to obtain the coordinates of the different LULC classes, which aided in the classification of image, and also for accuracy assessment of the classified image. All the Landsat standard data products were processed, to ascertain that they are free of radiometric and geometric errors using the Level 1 Product Generation System (LPGS) and extracted to obtain the landsat image bands. The extracted Landsat images (bands) were used in the processing and calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and calculation of LULC changes. Evaluation the accuracy of the results produced from the land cover classification was carried out by comparing the results of ground coordinates with the coordinates obtained from a higher resolution image (Worldview 3 image) in order to determine the accuracy of the land cover classification in the study area. The trend of changes of land cover in these areas was assessed and also, the prediction for the future condition both in terms of development was determined based on the results obtained from the initial results. Results from various maps produced and numerical data generated showed that Akure Industrial Layout was mainly dominated by shrub and grass land in 1986 and has in 34 years experienced transformation of 604% in the built environment (18% /year), 119% of Bareland (3.5%/year), and -29% of Grassland (0.9%/year), -66% of Shrub (2%/year). The forecast of the probable spatial extent for the years 2025 and 2030 were estimated to be 175.3Ha and 214.8Ha respectively, which shows there will be a continuous increase in the future development in Akure Industrial layout. The research recommended a proactive action from the government and end-users that will ensure a sustained manageability of the layout.

Factors Contributing to Brain Drain in Thailand

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The main objective of this study is to find the main factors which affect the migration rate and may lead to brain drain. Brain drain is the migration of highly trained or skilled people to wealthier countries where they can gain more salary and better standard of living. Moreover, brain drain can result in losing professionals and cause deterring effects on the countries. This has become an important issue as in recent years, more people have been leaving their countries to more developed countries. Thus, it is clear that brain drain is a significant issue in various countries including Thailand. Nevertheless, some countries, for instance Taiwan, have developed policies in order to improve their citizens’ life qualities. Finding the main causes of migration may help us understand more about the situation, which may lead to a solution for this issue. There are mainly three levels of brain drain, Geographical brain drain, Organizational brain drain and Industrial brain drain. In this paper, we mainly discuss Geographical brain drain since it has the most substantial impact on the country. Based on 250 respondents who are Thai inhabitants, the result shows that the most significant reason for migration is the standard of living, followed by social conditions.

Preferences Offset Stressors in Determining Survivability

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Pure stress-based models of health predict that accumulated stresses promote illnesses that result in lower life expectancies. However, in mixed subjective preference models, effects of stress, seen as negative preference, can potentially be offset by achievement of positive personal preferences. According to mixed preference models, preventive medicine strategies for promoting health can operate either by alleviating stress or by enhancing subjective preferences. Over many decades we developed a theory and practice of rational, psychoacoustically-driven architectural acoustic design of concert halls.1-3 The theory incorporates both negative acoustic annoyance attributes (stressors, negative preferences) and positive ones. Using self-assessment surveys of 30 dialysis patients in Kobe, Japan, we used the methodology to assess the effects of subjective preferences on delaying onset of dialysis treatment (dialysis onset age, DOA). Hayashi’s multivariate regression method (I) for nonparametric data 5,8 was used to estimate effects of reported factors. Of these, six factors proved predictive of DOA (p-values): better or worse interpersonal relations (0.003), decades of full-time work (0.050), alcohol consumption (0.031) according to individual preference, present noisy home environment (0.090), other pollution (0.060), smoking (0.115). Other factors were either weakly- or un- correlated: hospitalizations, house moves, past hypertension, proteinuria, sex, pet ownership, presence of bad odors, past noise pollution. Preventative measures that enhance subjective preferences may thus delay the need for dialysis.

Relationship between Proactive Personality Traits and Transformational Leadership Style among Workers: Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment

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The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between proactive personality traits and transformational leadership style among workers: moderating role of psychological empowerment. The study was guided by two hypotheses. A total of 112 participants were selected for the study using simple random and convenience sampling technique. The participants were all non-teaching staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra-Nigeria. The participants comprised of 62 males and 50 females with a mean age of 32.51 and standard deviation of 8.68. Their age ranged from 18 to 51 years. The study made use of three instruments namely: proactive personality scale by Bateman & Crant (1993), transformational leadership inventory by Podsakoff (1990) and psychological empowerment scale by Spreitzer (1995). The study is a survey study which adopted the correlational design; consequently multiple linear regressions were used as a statistical tool for data analysis. The result showed that proactive personality positively and significantly correlated with transformational leadership style at r = .33, p < .01. Furthermore, the interaction effect between proactive personality trait, all the dimensions of psychological empowerment accounted for negative significant variance than just proactive personality and transformational leadership styles alone, R2 change = .07 at p <. 01. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that Organizations are advised to employ transformational leadership styles as it is also a way of empowering the employees psychologically.

Teenagers Eating Habits Data Analysis

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It is common to see newly emerging fast food restaurants in today’s world. Although some have said that balanced diet is now a trend among teenagers which obviously seems irrelevant and contradicts the authors’ observation. In order to find an answer to this question, the authors conducted a survey asking teenagers about their eating habits.

The Impact of Emergency Remote Teaching on the Development of Listening Skills during English Classes in Secondary Schools of Ukraine

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This paper calls into question the impact of Emergency Remote Teaching on the Development of Listening Skills during English classes in Secondary Schools of Ukraine. Attention is paid to the analysis of key notions and concepts of listening skills development in secondary schools. Thirty teachers at secondary schools took part in the research. This paper investigates resources that were used by teachers during Emergency Remote Teaching to develop the listening skills of pupils in English classes. This paper discusses the linguistic, psychological, and methodological components of listening skills development. An analysis has allowed highlighting the positive experience of web-based applications, video podcasts, and audiobooks usage, which can be implemented in future English language training in other Ukrainian secondary schools. The findings of this study support the idea that the gamification approach in combination with other activities has a positive effect on the development of listening skills during Emergency Remote Teaching at secondary schools of Ukraine.

Leadership of the School Principal in Shaping Early Childhood Characters: A Literature Review

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This research to know the leadership of the headmaster in shaping the character of early childhood. The review process begins with a search engine (Google Scholar) to search for articles. The results of the study mostly show that principal leadership is one of the alternative ways to build the character integrated in the school policy, with the inclusion of the character values of environmental concern, religion, autonomy, love of homeland, courtesy and courtesy into learning. To create Indonesia’s golden generation all elements of society must contribute to supporting each government program to improve the quality of Indonesian people by improving character education.