The Investigation of Influenced Factor on Antioxidant Level of Tea Bags from Pelawan Leaves (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff) by Using Taguchi Method

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Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff) possesses a plethora of health-promoting constituents. The local populace on Bangka Island asserts that Pelawan leaves exhibit therapeutic properties that may combat cancer. This study was undertaken to examine the antioxidant properties of tea bag products derived from Pelawan leaves. The methodology employed in this experiment was the Taguchi approach, incorporating three factors and two levels, specifically leaf type (shoots and non-shoots), drying technique (solar and oven), and tea formulation (original and spice-infused). The orthogonal array applied is L4(23), adhering to the principle of “the smaller the better,” wherein a diminished IC50 value indicates enhanced quality (elevated antioxidant content). The predominant factor influencing the antioxidant capacity identified is the original tea composition, contributing a remarkable 86% to the overall variance. It is projected that the Pelawan leaf tea bag product may yield an IC50 value of 14.7 ± 278.207 µg/ml when prepared with the original composition. The preferred drying technique is the use of an oven or drying apparatus, as it produces superior antioxidant outcomes compared to solar drying methods.

Transparency as an Instrument for Fraud Prevention in the Digital Business Ecosystem

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Digital transformation has reshaped the global business landscape, increasing efficiency while also giving rise to new risks in the form of digital fraud. This research aims to analyze the role of transparency as a strategic instrument in preventing fraud in the Indonesian digital business ecosystem. Using a qualitative multiple case study approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and analysis of policy documents from technology-based companies. The results show that transparency significantly contributes to increased accountability and the effectiveness of internal controls. The implementation of digital audit systems, real-time monitoring, and blockchain technology has proven to reduce information asymmetry and the opportunities for fraud. However, its effectiveness is still influenced by institutional factors, digital ethics, and collaboration among regulators. Therefore, further research is recommended to develop a quantitative model that measures the impact of transparency on reducing fraud risk longitudinally across various digital business sectors in Indonesia.

Fostering Capacity for Ministerial-Level Civil Servants to Work in an International Environment in the Context of Viet Nam’s Active Engagement in Free Trade Agreements

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In the context of Viet Nam’s expanding international integration through the signing and implementation of an increasing number of free trade agreements, the competency requirements for ministerial-level civil servants have undergone significant changes, particularly with regard to their capacity to work in an international environment. This article examines the characteristics of the new integration landscape, identifies the core competencies that civil servants need to be fostered, and proposes directions for improving fostering activities in accordance with modern governance standards. The study affirms that fostering the international working capacity of civil servants not only enhances the effectiveness of implementing commitments under free trade agreements but also establishes a critical foundation for strengthening national governance effectiveness and overall competitiveness in the context of deepening international integration.

Factors Affecting Vietnam’s Potential to Become a Free-Trade Nation

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In the context of increasingly deep globalization, many countries pursue the free trade model as a long-term development strategy to optimize competitive advantages and enhance economic position in the international arena. Vietnam is one of the fastest integrating economies in the world with a large network of free trade agreements (FTAs) and a trade/GDP ratio among the highest in the world. However, to become a truly free trade country, Vietnam needs to meet a series of conditions that go beyond tariff reduction. By analyzing secondary data from the WTO, OECD, NCTAD, and the World Bank, the paper identifies key factors shaping this process, including institutional quality, policy transparency, logistics efficiency, digital transformation capabilities, human resource quality, and domestic enterprise competitiveness. The findings show that Vietnam has many important advantages but still faces structural barriers that, if not addressed, will hinder its goal of becoming a free-trade nation in the next decade.

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Practices for Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation, and their Limitations: A Case of Coffee Farming Households in Southwestern Uganda

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Effectiveness of Climate change adaptation programmes and projects is anchored in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) approaches. A Qualitative study was therefore conducted in Ntungamo district, southwestern Uganda to: i) establish the PM&E practices used by the district Local Government (LG) on programs in enhancing climate change adaptation among coffee farming households, ii) identify the bottle necks in PM&E practices for interventions focused on improving climate change adaptations among coffee farming households in the district. The study was guided by Citizen’s theory of Involvement. A Key Informant guide was administered to 12 key informants from LG Administration and Agriculture Departments. Data were analyzed thematically.  Results showed that Ntungamo LG was using participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation as the PM&E practices to enhance climate change adaptation among coffee farming households. The study also identified several challenges facing PM&E at LG level, including: – lack of an M&E Department, lack of training in M&E, data accuracy issues, poor dissemination of findings, limited extension support, insufficient funding and low farmer participation. LG’s should therefore develop strategies to address these challenges in order to adequately enhance climate change adaptation among coffee farming households.

Clinical Spectrum of Neurological Emergencies: A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Center in Mizoram

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Background: Neurological emergencies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In resource-limited settings, trauma, stroke, and infectious causes remain leading contributors.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of neurological emergency cases by category, age, and gender in a hospital-based cohort.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 61 patients admitted with neurological emergencies was conducted. Data were categorized into trauma-related, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), seizures, fever-related, post-surgical, and other causes. Demographic patterns were also assessed.

Results: Trauma-related emergencies constituted 50% of cases, followed by cerebrovascular accidents (25%) and seizures (13%). The majority of patients were males (64%) and young adults aged 11–40 years (33%). Elderly patients (61+) contributed to 26% of cases, largely due to stroke.
Conclusion: Trauma and stroke remain the leading causes of neurological emergencies. Preventive strategies targeting road traffic accidents, stroke awareness, and timely intervention are essential to reduce disease burden in resource-limited regions.

The Development of E-modules Based on Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted by Geosway in Phase F

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This R&D aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective Realistic Mathematic Education (RME)-based e-module assisted by Geosway in phase F. This research is a research and development using a 4D model consisting of 4 stages, namely defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Observations were conducted at SMK Negeri 6 Jember as the research location. The research subjects involved in this study were students of SMK Negeri 6 Jember in grades XI DKV 1 and XI KKBT 1. The research instruments used in data collection were observation sheets, student response questionnaire sheets, readability test sheets, and test sheets. The validation results for the teaching module, e-module, test, observation sheet, and student response questionnaire were 3.73; 3.68; 3.57; 3.63; and 3.81, respectively. This shows that the teaching modules, e-modules, tests, observation sheets, and student response questionnaires were obtained with valid criteria. The practicality of the e-module based on the observation of the implementation of the e-module in the first and second meetings was 3.39 and 3.67, respectively, with the practical category. The effectiveness of the e-module was based on learning completeness, the N-gain category, and student responses to improve students’ creative thinking skills. The results of the study showed that the percentage of student completeness reached 87.5%, the average N-gain category was 0.72, and students gave a positive response of 82.07%. This indicates that the e-module is effective in improving students’ creative thinking skills. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the e-module based on Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) assisted by Geosway in phase F has valid, practical, and effective criteria.

Spatial Transcriptomics in Cancer Research: Methods and Applications

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Spatial transcriptomics, which deals with tissue architecture in genetic investigation, is an innovative technique for examining cell heterogeneity and tissue organization. This review emphasizes major approaches, include spatially resolved transcriptome methods, immunohistochemistry as well as in situ hybridization, all of which permit the mapping of RNA molecules in their native tissue environment. These methods have proven essential in achieving our understanding of biological events such as tumor evolution, progression of cancer, and cancer tumor stem cell detection. Spatial transcriptomics, the study of patterns of gene expression in space, reveals the intricate nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its effect on cancer biology. Although it delivers insight on the cellular connections that underlie disease, the significance of spatial transcriptomics in multiple organs has expanded.

Although its immense potential, there are still difficulties to be conquered, particularly within the areas of analysis of data, spatial resolution, and integration with other omics data. To be able to fully comprehend the complexities of tissues biology and ailments, this review additionally tackles future potential avenues, including the necessity for greater multiplexing, enhanced resolution, and the combination of functional genomics. With this synthesis, we intend provide an extensive summary of the state of spatial transcriptomics currently and demonstrate that it possesses the potential to improve precision medicine, cancer research, and our understanding of broader biology.

Developing Strategies to Reduce Turnover Intention Driven by Unethical Leadership in Digital Creative Agencies

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Digital creative agencies have developed as brands collaborators to supervise content management, online targeted advertising, and consumer engagement strategies integrated into the various digital ecosystems in Indonesia. The workers of this industry dominantly by generation specifically Gen Z. This industry has potential to growth, however there is a lack of organizational structure, excessive workload, and inconsistent policies that have encouraged unethical leadership. Many creative workers experience unfair treatment, lack of empathy, manipulative tendencies, irresponsible behaviours, and egocentric, all of these creates burnout and stress and directly affect desire to leave from the company within the industry. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among unethical leadership, psychological distress, and turnover intention to understand the depths of employee’s well-being and retention. A quantitative explanatory approach, data were collected from 191 respondents who worked in Indonesia’s digital creative agencies through online questionnaire. The variables measured included nine indicators of unethical leadership, four indicators of psychological distress, and three indicators of turnover intention. Using PLS-SEM, the data were analysed to assess relationship between the constructs. These findings demonstrate that psychological distress is linked unethical leadership to turnover intention in fast-paced work culture. Managerial strategies consist of prioritize ethical leadership development, strengthening accountability systems, and workload restructuring to continuous well-being initiatives. Future research is encouraged to incorporate qualitative exploration to better understand of behaviours and expand model of mediating variables such as organizational justice or psychological safety. This study contributes to provides practical insights for improving workforce sustainability in Indonesia’s digital creative agencies.

Analysis of the Influence of Workload on Digital Competence and Its Impact on Employee Performance in the State-Owned Enterprise Service Division of PT XYZ

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Employee performance is a crucial factor in achieving organizational goals, especially within the telecommunications industry that is currently undergoing digital transformation. This study aims to analyze the effect of workload on digital competence and employee performance in the State-Owned Enterprise Service Division of PT XYZ. A quantitative approach was used, employing a questionnaire distributed to 126 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. Data analysis was conducted through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The results show that workload has a significant effect on digital competence, workload significantly affects employee performance, and digital competence has a significant effect on employee performance. These findings emphasize the importance of workload management and the enhancement of digital competence to improve performance amid technology-driven work demands.