The Influence of Training Approaches in In-Service Teacher Training on the Implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum in Public Primary Schools in Kilifi County, Kenya

In-service teacher training plays a pivotal role in the successful implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in public primary schools. As Kenya transitions to CBC, it is crucial to examine how different training approaches affect teachers’ ability to deliver and assess the new curriculum effectively. This study investigates the impact of various training methodologies on CBC implementation in Kilifi County, focusing on the prevalence and effectiveness of traditional versus innovative teaching strategies. The findings reveal a dominance of traditional teaching methods, such as group projects, discussions, and lectures, with 93.2% of respondents frequently using group projects and 89.8% employing discussions/presentations regularly. In contrast, innovative methods like gamified learning, problem-solving, and brainstorming are significantly underutilized, with 46.9%, 53.4%, and 69.7% of respondents, respectively, never using these techniques. Chi-square analysis indicates that interactive training approaches, including practical discussions and guided practice, have a substantial positive effect on instructional delivery, assessment, and professional growth, evidenced by p-values of 0.000, 0.009, and 0.003. Theoretical training with immediate feedback is significantly effective in instructional delivery and assessment (p = 0.000) but less impactful on professional development (p = 0.186). Engaging activities and mentorship are crucial for enhancing instructional delivery and assessment (p = 0.000 and p = 0.002), while adapting teaching styles and using technology show inconsistent effects. The study concludes that while traditional methods are prevalent, integrating interactive and innovative training approaches is essential for effective CBC implementation. Recommendations include prioritizing practical, hands-on training that aligns with CBC principles, promoting underutilized innovative methods, strengthening mentorship for inexperienced teachers, and emphasizing continuous professional development through seminars and workshops to improve CBC execution.

Enhancing User Association to mmWave with Network Slicing and QoS Prioritization from Sub-6 GHz Bands

In order to increase network capacity and user experience, a move toward millimeter-wave spectrum use has become necessary due to the constraints of sub-6 GHz frequencies and the rising demand for mobile data. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework to dynamically improve user association with mmWave bands using network slicing and Quality of Service (QoS) priority. A utility maximization algorithm that balances user demand, network load, and signal quality across accessible spectrum bands is one of the multi-tier optimization techniques used in the suggested model. Optimal changeover locations from sub-6 GHz to mmWave are predicted using a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based on environmental factors and real-time user mobility. According to simulation data, under conditions of peak demand, this technique can improve user offload to mmWave by up to 50% while reducing congestion on sub-6 GHz bands by 30%. Furthermore, QoS priority ensures that customers encounter the least amount of disturbance when switching between frequency tiers by improving latency-sensitive application performance by an average of 20%. These results demonstrate how network slicing in conjunction with QoS-driven regulations can optimize network capacity, dynamically balance frequency allocation, and guarantee uninterrupted connectivity for next-generation mobile networks.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Advances in Haemophilia Gene Therapy

Hemophilia is the most frequent severe genetic haemorrhagic condition. Hemophilia A and B are caused by a lack or dysfunction of the factor VIII and factor IX proteins, respectively, and are distinguished by prolonged and heavy bleeding after minor trauma or even spontaneously. Treatments for hemophilia have been extremely expensive and required the infusion of plasma clotting factors throughout one’s life. The last few years have brought major breakthroughs in gene therapy that now hold real promise for possible curative options. Artificial intelligence has the potential to transform all levels of hemophilia gene therapy, from vector design to predictive modeling and biomarker identification. This review highlights selected applications of AI towards precision medicine including viral vector design, predictive modeling for gene editing, and deep phenotyping in hemophilia gene therapy. It can greatly improve the efficacy and safety of gene therapy through off-target effects prediction, optimization designs of delivery vectors, and determination of personalized combinations of treatments. Consequently, this will also enable accelerated biomarker development for disease diagnosis and monitoring. In such a way, artificial intelligence in hemophilia gene therapy will revolutionize the framework of treatment and make it personalized or even curative for patients all over the world.

The Effect of Employee Engagement (Vigor, Dedication, and Absorption) on Job Satisfaction at PT Pelindo 1

This study examines the effect of employee engagement variables—vigor, dedication, and absorption—on job satisfaction. The research subjects consisted of all employees of PT Pelindo 1 in 2020. A total of 225 employees were selected as the sample using a simple random sampling method. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire instrument. To test the research hypotheses, data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicate that employee engagement and vigor have a significant but weak positive effect on job satisfaction. In contrast, dedication and absorption show a positive but statistically insignificant effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) is 14%, suggesting that vigor, dedication, and absorption are weak predictors of job satisfaction.

Sustainability Leadership and Employee Engagement: A Key Driver of Productivity in Indonesian Companies

The background of this research is the challenge faced by Indonesia’s economic development in achieving sustainable growth without increasing carbon emissions. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership and the implementation of sustainability principles on productivity, with employee engagement as a mediator in public and private companies in Indonesia.

The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing data analysis through the Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) method. The study sample comprises 110 respondents from public and 110 respondents from private companies, with data collected through questionnaire surveys with G*Power 88%. Research variables include sustainability leadership, implementation of sustainability principles, employee engagement, and productivity.

The findings reveal that employee engagement significantly influences employee productivity and mediates the effect of sustainability leadership on employee productivity. These findings highlight the critical role of sustainability-based leadership in fostering employee engagement and enhancing productivity.

The study concludes that Indonesian companies, particularly those oriented toward sustainability, need to prioritize the development of sustainability-based leadership and policies to enhance employee engagement, thereby supporting long-term productivity.

Compliance of Juvenile Justice Administration in Cameroon with the Human Rights Based Approach

Juvenile delinquency is an age long problem, and the problem still occurs till present date. The world at large and Cameroon in particular has promulgated laws which govern the conducts of its citizens so as to keep order across the country and protect the public from danger which might be inflicted on them by the wrongdoer. However, there are some offenders who due to their vulnerability occupy a special place in the administration of justice and one of them is juvenile offenders. Institutions involved in juvenile justice administration are expected to be child-friendly and upon administration of justice, they are to accord special treatment to juvenile offenders in accordance with the law and to also ensure the protection of juvenile’s rights. This article seeks to demonstrate that despite the existing legislation regulating the administration of juvenile justice in Cameroon, the protection of juvenile’s rights is still questionable due to poor implementation of those laws. The ultimate objectives of juvenile justice administration are rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile offenders into the society. The article seeks to establish that there are operational problems associated in achieving these objectives. Juvenile offenders still experience severe and physical abuses during pre-trial, trial and post-trial proceedings. The article acknowledges the quest of juvenile justice administration to promote and protect the rights of juveniles through the ratification of international treaties which reinforces the existing national laws but maintains that there is poor observance of the law in the English-speaking Regions of Cameroon. This paper adopts a qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research methodology involves collecting data and analysing non-numerical data (text, video or audio) to understand concepts, opinions or experiences. It has been used to gather in-depths insight into a problem or generate new ideas for research.

The article among other things determines whether from a practitioner perspective, a Cameroonian child resident in the English-speaking Regions of Cameroon and in conflict with the law is actually treated in such a way that it promotes the child sense of dignity and worthiness. Proposals are made for an improved mechanism for the protection of the rights of juveniles.

Analysing Consumer Behaviour and Demand Dynamics of Poultry Based Fast Food in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Fast food consumption among young people is growing rapidly worldwide, driven by convenience, affordability, and marketing strategies. This has led to notable dietary changes in South Asia, including Pakistan. This study uses demand theory and analysing participant survey data to understand the factors influencing fast food consumption in Faisalabad, a city experiencing rapid urbanization. The analysis reveals that younger, educated, and higher-income individuals are the primary consumers of fast food. Food quality plays a significant role in driving spending, while price sensitivity is relatively low. For example, a 1% increase in price results in only a 0.14% decrease in consumption. On the other hand, income elasticity shows that a 1% increase in income leads to a 15.88% rise in consumption. The study also highlights how popular fast food items like burgers, pizza, and shawarma have substitutive and complementary relationships. These findings offer businesses, policymakers, and health experts valuable insights to address fast-food trends’ social, economic, and health effects.

Synergistic Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptide-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for the Targeted Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Infections

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a critical challenge to global health, necessitating innovative antimicrobial solutions. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial peptides (AMP)-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a novel approach to combating MDR infections. AMPs, known for their broad-spectrum activity and unique mechanisms, were isolated from Lacticaseibacillus casei and successfully precipitated using ammonium sulfate precipitation. The AMPs were conjugated with AgNPs to improve their stability, bioavailability, and antimicrobial efficacy.

AMP-coated AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using UV‒visible spectrophotometry, confirming the successful formation of nanoparticles. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities were assessed against a broad range of pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. The AMP-coated AgNPs exhibited enhanced activity compared to AMP alone, with significant inhibition zones observed for both bacterial and fungal strains. Synergy studies revealed that the combination of AMP-coated AgNPs with conventional antibiotics improved therapeutic efficacy, even at reduced dosages. Hemolysis assay evaluated the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles, indicating potential cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles at higher concentrations.

These findings underscore the promise of AMP-coated AgNPs as potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. However, the cytotoxic effects highlight the need for further research into optimizing biocompatibility. This study paves the way for developing advanced therapeutic strategies targeting MDR pathogens, offering an effective alternative to conventional antibiotics in critical healthcare applications.

Determination of Scatter Radiation Round Three Different Models of Mammography Unit

Purpose: this study was carried out to determine the amount of scatter radiation around three different models of digital mammography units may contribute to shielding calculations.

Objectives: measuring and comparing for scattered radiation at four orientations (4 x 90o=360o) round three mammography models.

Materials and methods: RADOS (RDS-120 Universal Survey Meter) device was used to measure scatter radiation at four orientations round three types of mammography digital models NM-GA, Liyum, and Mammomat. These orientations are backward, forward, left lateral, and right lateral. All measurements are taken in Craniocaudal projection.

Results: backward orientation has highest and right lateral has lowest intensity of scatter radiations when three models of digital mammography were used. Mammomat model with backward orientation was at highest 6.5μSv of intensity and NM-GA model at lowest intensity of 1.1 μSv from right lateral orientation.

Conclusions: The obtained measurements of scatter radiation at four different orientations may be used in a shielding calculation when NM-GA, Liyum, and Mammomat of mammography models are used.

Study of Liver Development in Laboratory Mice Embryos mus musculus

The current study aimed to follow up some embryonic developments in the Swiss white mice Mus musculus to identify the nature of these developments in order to increase scientific knowledge from this aspect as well as the importance of mice as a model for experimental studies.The liver is the largest internal organ that provides essential metabolic and endocrine functions, these include the production of bile, metabolism of nutritional compounds, detoxification, regulation of glucose levels through glycogen storage and control of blood balance by secreting clotting factors and serum proteins.Hepatocytes are the main cell type in the liver, accounting for about 70% of adult organ mass, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells are derived from the embryonic endoderm while visceral cells, astrocytes, kupffer cells and vascular cells are of mesoderm origin.After the occurrence of internal fertilization, the fertilized egg begins to divide until the blastomeres divide into the trophectoderm, which forms the placenta in the future, and the mass of internal cells that later form the embryo.