Financial Literacy and Investment Decisions among Youth: An Analysis Using Prism of Age

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Modern financial management relies on financial literacy, which affects investment decisions. To make smart savings, borrowing, and investment decisions in the increasingly complicated financial world, one must grasp and utilize financial facts. Younger investors’ decisions have received attention as they become more interested in financial markets. Studies reveal financial competence, risk tolerance, and societal effect affect these choices. Traditional financial education and modern social influence create a unique atmosphere where new investors are informed and affected by multiple sources. This accessibility has raised concerns regarding impulsive and speculative investment methods, as younger investors may trade high-risk securities without fully understanding the hazard. While the financial literacy initiatives are performing well in their execution, more thorough study is needed to investigate their influence on young investing behavior. Some particular research questions about how the socio-economic elements are related with financial literacy; and investment decisions and how the financial literacy influences the investment decisions among the youth have been tried to be answered thorough this research. This study is confined to the state of Himachal Pradesh, further grounded on both quantitative as well as qualitative approaches to gather data from a random sample of 631 respondents with the help of online surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Data has been synthesized using descriptive statistics such frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. After then, demographic characteristics, particularly the age of respondents has been used to cross-tabulate the associations. The hypotheses were examined using Chi-Square Test of Independence and ANOVA/F-test. The survey highlights the critical relationship between financial literacy and investment decisions among youth, with age playing a central role in shaping both financial knowledge and investment behaviors. Enhancing financial literacy through education could lead to better investment decisions, improved confidence, and more informed financial behaviors among the youth.

New Conceptual Paradigm of Autistic Spectrum Disorder

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The two dimensions currently included in international classifications should include a third defining dimension, regarding to the analysis of intensity of needs relationship to the main parameters of psychoneural information processing, within the so-called processual dimension: – perception and sensory memory, – encoding and categorical grouping, – access of information to permanent memory, and – recovery of information in semantic terminology. These new criteria constitute basic elements governing the neurocerebral process in a global sense, which will allow the persistence or improvement of observable social and restrictive-stereotyped behaviours related to the two dimensions included in the currently classifications.

An exhaustively analysed Case Study in all its evolution over 32 years, has allowed successive comparative analyses regarding the differential phases with the specific autistic diagnosis, whose final results allowed confirming new paradigmatic findings of new paradigmatic definitions of autistic disorder, its differential diagnostic processing and, therefore, the new specific kinds of psychoeducational intervention.

Finding the Best Methods on People Development at PT Pertamina EP – Sangatta Field

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People Development is an important element for a company to survive. It’s also implemented at PT Pertamina EP, Zona 9 – Sangatta Field. It can done more effectively and efficient on the result in this research. This research aims to find the best methods in developing people competencies. Based on conceptual framework of People Development, it consists of three main pillars : People, Process, Technology. Each pillar has a specific influence and purpose in realizing an ideal people developments system. By conducting research using qualitative methods, it was found that within each pillar, a specific or main program is needed that has the most impact on the company’s progress. Mutation or job rotational replacement has a significant impact on improving company performance through the ‘People’ aspect. Talent & Matrix Development captures all employee aspirations according to each worker’s interests and talents, and determining the appropriate training according to employee needs can enhance worker competencies, thereby advancing the company.

The Meta-Subject Model: A Holistic Framework Overcoming the Limitations of Subject-Based Learning with an Example in TVET

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The article explores the innovative concept of meta-subjects in education, advocating for their integration into curricula to enhance student learning and engagement. It begins by defining meta-subjects as interdisciplinary frameworks that transcend traditional subject boundaries, allowing for a more holistic understanding of complex issues. The text emphasizes the importance of promoting and cultivating critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills among students, which are essential for navigating real-world challenges. Each theme integrates knowledge from various disciplines, such as science, technology, social studies, and the arts, to address pressing global issues. The article highlights the benefits of adopting a meta-subject model, including enhanced student engagement, improved critical thinking, and better preparation for future careers in an interconnected world. The article also proposes a list of hypothetical fifteen general meta-subjects, such as Ecological Synthesis, Quantum Consciousness, Neural Harmony, Quantum Wellness, Transcendental Geometry, Evolutionary Synergy, Metaphysical Economics, Gaian Computing, Transcultural Linguistics, Quantum Education, Astrological Psychology, Holistic Engineering, different fields of study. The model includes student curricula for five of the proposed areas, along with complete course one-year curriculum distributions of the meta-subject in TVET, which reflect the synergy between “Exploring Interconnectedness”, individual project ideas, and opportunities for outdoor activities. These meta-subjects aim to encourage students to explore the interconnectedness of knowledge and apply it creatively to solve complex problems. Moreover, the article outlines the challenges of implementing a meta-subject approach, such as the need for teacher training, resource allocation, and the development of coherent curricula. It suggests that schools must provide support for both educators and students to successfully transition to this model. The article advocates for the widespread adoption of meta-subjects in educational settings, arguing that this approach not only enriches the learning experience but also equips students with the essential skills needed to thrive in a complex and rapidly changing world. By embracing meta-subjects, educators can create more relevant, engaging, and effective learning experiences that prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century.

The Effect of Using Pandan Extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius) As a Natural Colorant on The Organoleptic Properties of Mocaf-Based Cookies

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In this modern era, people’s awareness of healthy lifestyles and consumption of natural products is increasing, encouraging the food industry to turn to natural ingredients. One innovation that is in high demand is the use of natural colorants as a substitute for synthetic colorants, including in bakery products such as cookies. Pandanus juice (Pandanus amaryllifolius) is a promising natural colorant; it not only provides a natural green color but also has health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to evaluate the effect of pandan juice on the organoleptic properties of cookies based on mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour). The study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three variations of pandan juice concentration, namely 5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml. Organoleptic tests were conducted to assess the characteristics of color, aroma, taste, and texture using a hedonic scale. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA to identify significant effects between treatments, followed by the BNT test at the 5% significance level if a significant difference was found. The results showed that the treatment with a concentration of 10 ml pandan juice (Treatment Y) provided the best organoleptic quality. At this concentration, mocaf-based cookies had an attractive green color, fresh pandan aroma, and the most preferred taste by the panelists. Treatment Y is considered optimal because it provides the best balance between aesthetics and flavor. This research provides valuable information for the food industry in its efforts to create healthier and higher-quality products through the use of natural colorants.

A Model for Individual Creative Tasks for Students in TVET: Analysis and Illustrative Applications with Examples

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In the article a conceptual model is developed with the core strategies and stages of its implementation as well as the framework for integration process, focusing in identifying core competences incorporating creative task into the curriculum and proving opportunities for showcasing student work. In the text are listed examples of creative task in the field of Electrical science, Electronics and Computer science. It examines the critical role of creativity and critical thinking in secondary vocational education, emphasizing the implementation of innovative pedagogical models. It identifies key challenges faced by students in engaging with individual creative tasks, including the generation of novel ideas, the development of effective problem-solving strategies, efficient time management, and the articulation of concepts. The article highlights the Design Thinking process as a human-centered approach to problem-solving, alongside the Project-based Learning (PBL) framework, which facilitates the application of theoretical knowledge to authentic, real-world projects. By integrating these methodologies, educators can enhance students’ practical skills and better prepare them for future vocational endeavors. Furthermore, the article provides illustrative examples of creative tasks, such as designing marketing campaigns, developing product prototypes, and formulating business plans, which serve to contextualize students’ learning experiences. Ultimately, this exploration aims to equip educators with effective strategies for fostering creativity within vocational education, thereby enriching student learning outcomes and professional readiness.

The Influence of Social Media Influencers on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions for Electric Cars Mediated by Brand Image, Consumer Attitude, and Moderated by Green Attitude

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The purpose of this study is to aim to analyze the effect of Social Media Influencers on consumer purchase intentions on Electric cars with Brand Image variables as mediation and Green Attitude Variables as moderation. The research sample in this study were consumers who used and did not use electric cars with knowledge about electric cars in Indonesia in the 2020-2024 research year. This research method uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed to social media users, users and non-users of electric cars in Indonesia. The theoretical framework is built based on the latest literature review on digital marketing, consumer behavior and sustainability issues in the automotive industry. The results of the study can be expected to contribute new insights into the effectiveness of Social Media Influencers in the context of environmentally friendly products on the topic of Electric cars. The practical implications of this study can help marketers and policy makers in designing effective communication strategies to increase the adoption of Electric vehicles in Indonesia.

Pain Level in Clear Aligners and its Effects in Speech- Literature Review

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In place of traditional braces for orthodontic treatment, clear aligners are becoming more and more popular because of their aesthetic appeal and convenience. Nonetheless, many patients report experiencing pain and discomfort, particularly during the initial adjustment period or when switching to a new set of aligners. The aligners’ pressure, which shifts teeth into their desired positions, primarily causes this discomfort. Research shows that pain levels usually peak within the first 24 to 48 hours after starting a new aligner and gradually subside over time. Various factors, including an individual’s pain threshold, the complexity of tooth movements, and the fit of the aligners, contribute to differences in pain intensity. Moreover, clear aligners can impact speech, especially during the early phases of treatment. Patients frequently experience temporary lisping or challenges in articulating certain sounds because of the thickness and placement of the aligners. Although these speech changes are generally mild and improve as patients adapt, they can lead to short-term discomfort in social and professional situations. In conclusion, both the pain and speech issues associated with clear aligners are typically manageable and tend to diminish as treatment progresses, although they may influence patient compliance and satisfaction during the initial adjustment phase.

Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase: Tackling Antibiotic Resistance and Overcoming Treatment Challenges

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Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, kill or inhibit bacterial growth but are ineffective against viruses, fungi, or parasites, often leading to misuse. They are categorized by molecular structure, mode of action, and spectrum of activity. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when pathogens no longer respond to antimicrobial drugs, arising naturally or through acquisition. Resistance mechanisms include enzymatic (most common), genetic and physical. Bacteria produce various β-lactamases, such as Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC enzymes, and carbapenemase to exert resistance to Beta-Lactam (βL) class of antibiotics. ESBL families include TEM, SHV, and CTX-M, with E. coli being the most prevalent host. Any Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) can be an ESBL producer, but most common ones are the Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus mirabilis. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) resist penicillin, aztreonam, and cephalosporins except cephamycins and carbapenems, posing a significant public health risk. Genetic resistance mechanisms involve random mutations and horizontal gene transfer through either of the following processes namely conjugation, transformation, transduction. Physical mechanisms include efflux pump production and decreased porin channels. In some microbiological laboratories, ESBL production are often not determined, rather resistance based on MIC values to third generation Cephalosporins are considered as resistance due to ESBL production. Antibiotic use in agriculture and medicine has increased Multi-drug resistant (MDR) ESBL-producing E. coli and evidenced in retail meat and among meat shop employees. Community-acquired ESBL-E infections are a growing concern, with hospital transmission primarily occurring among patients sharing rooms with ESBL carriers. Empirical and definitive therapies for ESBL-E infections must be adjusted based on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST). The MERINO trial identified urinary tract infections as the most common source of ESBL-E bacteremia, with E. coli being predominant. For critically ill patients with non-urinary tract infections, Meropenem or Imipenem-cilastatin are recommended. For uncomplicated UTIs, Nitrofurantoin, Cotrimoxazole, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Pip-Taz) are effective, while Cotrimoxazole, Fluoroquinolones, and Ceftolozane-tazobactam are suitable for complicated UTIs. New β-lactamase inhibitors like avibactam, vaborbactam, and relebactam are promising for treatment. Misuse of antibiotics, such as inappropriate dosing and duration, contributes to AMR, a growing global challenge. Deaths from AMR, estimated at 1.27 million in 2019, could reach 10 million by 2050. ESBLs drive the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, accelerating resistance development. Inadequate therapy exacerbates infections, leading to prolonged hospital stays, complications, and increased mortality. Balancing new drug development with resistance emergence is crucial to combat AMR.

 

Rediscovery and Restoring Forgotten Principles: Returning to the Past to Transform and Shape VET for the Future. Back to the Basics in VET

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The article explores the historical foundations and contemporary practices of Vocational Education and Training (VET), uncovering a cyclical relationship between past and present methodologies. It begins by analysing the traditional apprenticeship systems of medieval Europe and their counterparts in Asian contexts, demonstrating how these early models laid the groundwork for modern vocational education. The article then traces the historical origin of VET in response to shifting economic conditions and technological advancements, identifying key contemporary practices—such as competency-based education, work-based learning, and experiential learning—as rebranded versions of historical approaches. The analysis emphasizes that many of these so-called “innovations” are not entirely new but are instead adaptations of time-tested methods that have been revitalized to address current educational demands. This historical perspective underscores the importance of integrating traditional practices to enhance the effectiveness and relevance of modern VET systems. The discussion stresses the importance of learning from historical experiences to inform future developments in vocational education, suggesting that a deep understanding of VET’s historical context can provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers alike. The article also addresses the potential pitfalls of renaming and rebranding educational approaches, which can lead to misleading perceptions and adverse effects, hindering educators and policymakers from recognizing foundational principles that remain pertinent today. Additionally, the uncritical dismissal and rejection of past educational principles signifies a denial of the cultural and educational traditions that informed their development and shaped them. Acknowledging and recognizing these historical influences can enrich contemporary educational frameworks and promote a more nuanced understanding of the current educational landscape.