Exploring the Ancient Temples of South India: A Review

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South India is home to some of the most exquisite and architecturally significant temples in the world, dating back to the Pallava, Chola, Pandya, and Vijayanagar dynasties. These temples not only serve as places of worship but also as repositories of art, culture, and history. This review explores the historical evolution of South Indian temples, their architectural marvels, and the religious and cultural significance they hold. Key architectural features, such as gopurams, vimanas, and intricately carved mandapas, reflect the ingenuity of ancient craftsmen and their alignment with spiritual and cosmic principles. The temples also served as centres of education, art, and socio-economic activities, sustaining traditional dance forms like Bharatanatyam and fostering community cohesion. Today, these temples are integral to cultural tourism, attracting millions of visitors who seek to experience their spiritual and historical heritage. By examining these enduring legacies, the review highlights the profound role of temples in shaping South India’s cultural identity.

Physical Profile of Shrimp Paste (Mysis relicta) Powder with Varying Drying Times

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Rebon shrimp paste (Mysis relicta) is known for its savory taste, high nutritional content, and characteristic reddish-brown color. However, it also has some drawbacks, including inconsistent quality, a semi-wet texture, impracticality in handling, and a relatively short shelf life. To address these issues, one solution is to modify wet shrimp paste into value-added products, such as shrimp paste powder. Shrimp paste powder is produced by drying the paste using an oven at specific temperatures and for varying durations. This study aims to determine the effect of different drying times on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of the powder. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the best treatment based on the drying time that yields the highest quality shrimp paste powder. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with each treatment repeated three times to ensure accuracy. The treatments used in the study were as follows: A1 (oven drying for 5 hours), A2 (oven drying for 6 hours), A3 (oven drying for 7 hours), and A4 (oven drying for 8 hours). The parameters observed in this study included physical analysis of color (lightness, chroma, and hue) and solubility. Based on the research, the best treatment was found to be the A4 treatment (8 hours of drying). The physical analysis of the color of shrimp paste powder showed lightness values ranging from 66.93% to 74.87%, chroma values from 7.89% to 10.54%, and hue values ranging from 6.97o to 21.79o. The solubility analysis results ranged from 62.53% to 66.31%.

Using IT in Area Suitability Modeling To Plan Urban Areas: Case of Kabul City, Afghanistan

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The goal of this work was to determine the optimal locations for urban growth in Kabul city using an integrated GIS-AHP model and Land Suitability Analysis (LSA). The study’s findings demonstrated that GIS-AHP is a useful approach for urban planning and ecological management. Maps were normalized using the pairwise comparison matrix technique using the generated criteria. Each model’s weights were created by comparing them according to their relative importance. Weight Age Average (OWA) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) were used to combine criteria weights and maps. To assess if a piece of land is suitable for urban development to determine which area was suitable for urban development, six thematic layers—slope, road, land use, river, settlement, and elevation—were used. AHP calculated their weighted scores based on the pairwise comparison.

The linear combination approach was used to multiply each factor’s weight and score, and the outcome was then multiplied to make the urban development appropriate. 45.3 square kilometers of land were deemed highly suitable, 191.77 square kilometers were deemed fairly acceptable, 72.14 square kilometers were deemed marginally suitable, and 0.79 square kilometers were deemed unsuitable.

Translation of Cultural Terms in Literary Work “Ini Banyuwangi Sri Tanjung Hidup Kembali”

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This research is descriptive qualitative research entitled “Translation of Cultural Terms in Literary Work “Ini Banyuwangi Sri Tanjung Hidup Kembali-This is Banyuwangi Sri Tanjung Comes to Life”. This writing is written based on the phenomenon of difficulties in translating cultural terms in many literary works. To be able to provide good translation results, a translator must understand the culture of the source language (SL) and also the target language (TL).

The aim of this research is to identify cultural terms of the literary work. This research also tries to examine the translation strategies applied to translate cultural terms in this literary works.

The research method applied for this research is a documentation method with note taking technique. This research applies Newmark’s theory to identify cultural terms and also the Translation Strategy to examine the translation strategies used to translate cultural terms.

The research results showed that there were thirty-two cultural terms translated from the source language (Indonesian) into the target language (English) and contained three categories of cultural terms proposed by Newmark. The categorization of cultural terms found are ecological culture, material culture, and social organization. The translation strategies applied in translating cultural terms of this literary work are found seven of eight strategies mentioned by Newmark. The dominant strategy applied is adaptation strategy, followed by word for word and literal translation strategy. The least strategy applied is idiomatic translation.

Examining the Influence of Locus of Control on Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Naturalistic Intelligence in Urban Sustainability

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This study aims to examine the relationship between Locus of Control (LOC), Naturalistic Intelligence (NI), and Behavioral Citizenship (BC) in the context of sustainable cities in Indonesia. The primary objective is to investigate how LOC influences BC and the mediating role of NI in this relationship. The research was conducted in Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta, with a sample of 200 participants. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale, and analysis was performed using Path Analysis with SmartPLS software. The key findings demonstrate that LOC positively impacts both NI and BC, with NI serving as a significant mediator between LOC and BC. Individuals with a high sense of control over their lives and strong naturalistic intelligence are more likely to engage in pro-environmental and community-oriented behaviors. These findings underscore the importance of psychological factors in promoting sustainable citizenship behaviors. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the role of naturalistic intelligence as a crucial mediator in the relationship between personal control and active citizenship. It also offers practical insights for urban policymakers and community leaders, emphasizing the need to incorporate environmental education and psychological empowerment into urban sustainability programs to foster greater community engagement and responsibility.

The Influence of Pro-Environmental School Culture on Green School Implementation with Students’ Environmental Awareness as a Mediating Variable

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This study investigates the impact of Pro-Environmental School Culture (PESC) on Green School Implementation (GSI), with Students’ Environmental Awareness (SEA) serving as a mediating variable. The primary objective is to understand how a supportive school culture influences student awareness and the effective implementation of green initiatives. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 175 high school students through a structured questionnaire, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that PESC significantly influences GSI, highlighting that schools with a strong environmental culture are more successful in implementing sustainable practices. Additionally, PESC positively impacts SEA, indicating that a pro-environmental culture enhances students’ awareness of environmental issues. The results further demonstrate that SEA mediates the relationship between PESC and GSI, confirming that increased environmental awareness among students is crucial for the success of green initiatives. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from Indonesian schools, emphasizing the interconnectedness of school culture, student awareness, and environmental practices. The implications suggest that educational institutions should prioritize fostering a pro-environmental culture to enhance student engagement and promote sustainability. Moreover, policymakers are encouraged to support schools in integrating environmental education and initiatives, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for Indonesia.

Management of Pregnancy, Labour and Neonatal Care with Homoeopathic Remedies

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In the current era ,Though the modern medical intervention in gestational period & labour  reduce the maternal mortality rate to a greater extend , There prevails emerging issue of increasing c- section in deliveries, This is due to the fact that  they keep on controlling the health of the mother under strong  surveillance & medication which indirectly  have its impact on mother’s body thereby it lacks  its natural mechanism or power to act on itself which  gradually result in changing the labour from normal to C- section.

Homoeopathic remedies at gestational period & labour play a vital role in reducing the MMR & also reduce the complications which are arising during labour & improve health of mother & offspring in a natural way without disturbing the harmony of health.