Integrating ERM with HACCP for Enhanced Efficiency in SME Beverage Manufacturing: The Case of SME Beverage Manufacture Company in Rembang, Indonesia

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This study presents an approach to determining the most impactful risks faced by an SME beverage manufacturing company in Rembang, Indonesia. Indonesia’s food and beverage market is highly competitive, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that aim to sustain and grow their businesses. Focusing more on their business strategy, these SMEs often overlook risk management, which can lead to significant losses. The study employs a methodology that combines Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) with Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) to detect and evaluate potential risks in the production process, ultimately providing recommendations for the best possible corrective actions to manage these risks. The ERM framework highlighted three major risks associated with defective products, water shortage, and blackout, while the HACCP analysis pinpointed five critical control points (CCPs) in the production process of boiling, cooling, mixing, filling/bottling, and packaging. Based on these results, the study suggests corrective actions of installing backup generators, securing additional water supplies, and implementing homogenizers will benefit the company.

Safeguarding Heritage: Preserving Traditional Knowledge in Global Patent Law

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The present study investigates the defensive safeguarding of traditional knowledge within the framework of international patent law. The chosen research methodology is evaluative, employing secondary data sources. The primary emphasis of this study is on primary and secondary legal materials. The process of data analysis involves the utilisation of qualitative juridical analysis techniques. The findings suggest that traditional knowledge has distinct attributes intricately linked to traditional communal elements and spans diverse areas of human existence. The safeguarding of traditional knowledge is paramount to uphold principles of fairness, environmental preservation, cultural heritage, prevention of misappropriation, and the advancement of sustainable utilisation. In international patent law, there is a notable incongruity between traditional knowledge and patent systems that prioritise human ingenuity and originality. The efficacy of patent systems in protecting traditional information is limited by the inherent characteristics of traditional knowledge, which is often collective and transmitted orally. The safeguarding of traditional knowledge necessitates a harmonious integration of both legal and practical dimensions. These endeavours encompass the acknowledgement of pre-existing knowledge and inventions, the creation of organisations to oversee safeguarding, and the implementation of pragmatic strategies to guarantee availability and equitable utilisation. The ability to patent novel discoveries derived from traditional knowledge is possible; nevertheless, conflicts often occur due to disparities between patent regimes and the inherent characteristics of traditional knowledge. In the present situation, it is imperative to adopt a comprehensive and equitable strategy to safeguard traditional knowledge’s long-term viability within the intellectual property framework.

Safeguarding Intellectual Property in the Post-Cultural Advancement Law Era in Indonesia: Preserving Traditional Knowledge

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Traditional Knowledge, as a product of the interplay between ecological, social, and cultural factors, embodies the insights acquired by communities in understanding the demands of nature. Embedded in intellectual activities shaped by a nation’s thoughts, ideas, and creations, Traditional Knowledge necessitates legal protection and certainty of ownership by the state due to its significant value, categorizing it as a national asset. This protection is often sought through laws like the Cultural Advancement Law, primarily designed to uphold the nation’s interests. This research aims to analyze the role of the Cultural Advancement Law in safeguarding Traditional Knowledge in Indonesia and identify the challenges faced by this legal framework in providing protection. Employing a normative approach through a literature review, the study reveals the pivotal role of the Cultural Advancement Law in developing, utilizing, advancing, preserving, and safeguarding Traditional Knowledge. However, its enforcement faces obstacles due to the ongoing debate surrounding the impact of traditional Knowledge on the economy and society.

The Identity Crisis among Peoples from Mixed Parents from Countries under in Inter-States Conflicts: Case of Rwanda, D.R. Congo and Burundi

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The study was carried out by 5 mixed- people living in Burundi, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, within the framework of guided interview seminars, in order to analyze the construction of mixed-ethics people in the context of identity conflicts due to ethnic or cultural conflicts, otherwise known as “ethnocultural conflicts”. Mestizos are a minority in the states where we live, and are considered problematic in the various societies of Africa’s Great Lakes region country. My fieldwork revealed that mixed-ethnic people in these three countries are victims of several atrocities, including ethnic marginalization, nepotism, socio-political demonization and economic discrimination. In this context, I have attempted to identify the main actors involved in identity conflicts among mixed-ethic people, and to propose a perspective of dialogue as a solution to the situations of the mixed-ethnic people mentioned above. On this basis, a number of recommendations have been put forward to reinforce the hope of positive action at regional level for the promotion of peace and lasting stability, particularly for mixed people who are increasingly victims of appearance status at UN level.

Adaptation Factor Analysis Instrument of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List in Indonesian Version: Confirmatory Approach

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The Effect of Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Religiousness on Fraud Behavior (PT. Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1)

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This study aims to examine the effect of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and rationalization on employee fraud at PT Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1. This type of research is classified as survey research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were employees of PT Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1. The research sample was determined by purposive sampling method so that a sample of 88 was obtained from the questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using multiple regression, intention to commit employee fraud as the dependent variable and pressure, opportunity, rationalization and religion as independent variables. The results of this study indicate that: (1) pressure has a significant positive effect on the intention to commit fraud, (2) opportunity has a significant positive effect on the intention to commit employee fraud, (3) rationalization has a significant positive effect on employee fraud intentions, (4) religion has a significant negative effect on employee fraud intentions. So it can be concluded that opportunity, opportunity, rationalization, and religion have a significant influence on the fraudulent intentions of employees of PT Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1.