Determining the Optimal Capital Structure of Coal Company

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This study examines stock price decline and coal price uncertainty as business issues. PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk has high debtto-equity ratio. High dividend-equity companies pay more interest. Interest costs reduce a company’s net profits and cash available for investment or shareholder payout. This may affect shareholder income and corporate growth. To raise net income and firm value for investors and rebuild trust, PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk management must estimate a favorable cost of debt and equity. This study employed secondary data. This study uses 2018-2019 DOID financial statements as secondary data. The lowest WACC helps PT. Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk choose the best capital structure. Calculate capital structure debt and equity costs using the debt-toequity ratio. The Damodaran synthetic rating table calculates loan cost using the interest coverage ratio and PT. Dunia Makmur Tbk default spread value. The actual debt ratio is 83.69%, while the optimal debt ratio is 34%. According to Damodaran, the corporation is overlevered since actual optimal (83.69% > 34%). Delta Dunia is currently in the “GREY ZONE” of the Altman Z-score calculation, hence it is not at risk of bankruptcy. Therefore, the corporation can finance new projects with retained earnings or equity, pay off debt with retained earnings, reduce dividends, issue new shares, or pay off debt. From PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk’s financial statements, the debt ratio is 83.69%, the equity ratio is 16.69% with a cost of equity of 19.75%, the WACC generated is 11.02%, and the firm’s value is $965,639,737.72. After simulation, the optimal capital structure for PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk was 34% debt, 66% equity, 10.39% cost of equity, and $1,166,687,666.77. According to the Altman Z-score calculation, PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk is in the GREY ZONE and not at risk of bankruptcy, so the best way to change the debt ratio is gradually so the company can fund good projects or pay debt with new equity and retained earnings.

Obesity as a Problem in Children and Adolescents: Literature Review

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Obesity in children and adolescents affects health worldwide and is linked to premature death, comorbidities in the cardiometabolic and psychosocial systems, and other conditions. The problem of obesity in children and adolescents is 10% for children aged 5 to 17 years and 2-3.5% for teenagers, according to the most recent official data. The number of adolescents and children in Indonesia who suffer dietary deficiencies has risen every year. Adolescent obesity is caused by a variety of factors. The effects of childhood obesity can range from psychosocial effects to lifelong clinical changes like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, orthopedic disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), asthma, fatty liver disease, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Local, regional, and global efforts are encouraged by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) strategy on diet, physical activity, and healthier lifestyle.

Proposed Marketing Strategy to Increase Parents’ Enrollment for Inclusive School (Case Study: Alfa Centauri Primary School)

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Education is essential for all human beings with noble goals individually, namely to increase the standard and quality of life, and collectively, to contribute socially to a more prosperous society. An important role is held by formal educational institutions with a set of facilities that they have for the quality of educational services provided to all their students. Elementary schools which are the first and main level of education need to ensure that the quality of services they provide from all aspects can contribute significantly to all students. The concept of inclusiveness which is a friendly service concept for all people is a trend and a special attraction in the world of education today. Educational institutions (including inclusive primary schools) that require financial stability require good business execution to survive facing competition in the market. Alfa Centauri Primary School, which is one of the players in the industry, feels the intense competition within it. For the last six years, Alfa Centauri Primary School has not been able to meet the quota of students they receive, so it can be said that their performance is still not optimal. It is necessary to improve, evaluate and form a good marketing strategy to be able to get consumers, where the actual consumers are parents of students. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection and processing. The analysis boils down to two perspectives, internal analysis using marketing mix analysis, STP, and VRIO; as well as external analysis using competitor analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, PESTLE, and customer analysis. There are findings in the customer analysis that the school environment and school accessibility are two things that influence parents’ enrollment intentions in sending their children to inclusive private elementary schools. Optimizing social media, strategic collaboration, providing shuttle services, optimizing personalization-based learning, creating a comfortable learning environment, and utilizing activities outside the classroom are marketing strategies formulated in this study to increase the number of registrants from Alfa Centauri Primary School.

The Impact of Airline Responds to Service Failure towards Customers’ Satisfaction and Loyalty in the Airline Industry

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This study explores the relationship between airline responses to service failures and customer’s satisfaction and loyalty in the airline industry. Using a framework that includes various airline response categories derived from a service blueprint such as overbooking, flight delays, cancellations, lost or damaged luggage, in-flight service issues, customer service failures, and security issues, this study investigates the relationship between these factors and customer satisfaction, as well as the resulting impact on customer loyalty. A qualitative approach has been used alongside by using non-probability sampling that will be use in this study includes snowball sampling and convenience sampling. Upon collected data through survey, the result is then being regressed linearly in SPSS. The analysis of data reveals that effective and timely handling of service failures, as well as considerate handling of complaints, play a significant role in determining customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty positively, highlighting the significance of service recovery in nurturing long-term customer relationships. The findings emphasize the need for airlines to prioritize efficient service recovery processes, such as transparent communication and adequate compensation for service failures. Future research recommendations include investigating the role of technology in service recovery efforts and other service failure scenarios. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on service recovery in the airline industry and offers insights for marketing strategies to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Green Human and Operational Capital on Operational Efficiency: The Role of Green Intellectual Capital

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This study investigates the relationship between green human capital, green operational capital, green intellectual capital, and organisational operational efficiency. It also investigates the function of green intellectual capital in moderating these interactions. Green human capital relates to individuals’ environmental knowledge and abilities, whereas green operational capital refers to the physical resources and technologies that support sustainable operations. Green intellectual capital refers to an organisation’s collective environmental knowledge, innovative thinking, and capacities. The study emphasises the interdependence of these variables and their impact on operational efficiency. Green intellectual capital, it is discovered, mediates the linkages between green human capital and operational efficiency, as well as green operational capital and operational efficiency. The findings highlight the necessity of cultivating a sustainable culture and investing in developing green resources and competencies to improve operational efficiency. This study adds to the body of knowledge on green management and offers useful insights for organisations seeking to establish sustainable operational practices and competitive advantages.

Process Business And External Environment In Mattering Service Quality: The Moderator of Knowledge Management

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This quantitative study investigates the connections between knowledge management, business processes, and service quality. The study examines how corporate procedures directly affect service quality and how the outside environment affects it. It also looks into how knowledge management affects business processes and customer service quality. A sample of the medical industry in Tangerang City, Indonesia, received surveys, and 12 complete replies were examined. The results show that while the external environment significantly affects service quality, business practices do not directly influence it. The relationship between business processes and service quality is moderated by knowledge management, underscoring the significance of efficiently utilising organisational knowledge resources. These results point to the necessity of a comprehensive service quality improvement strategy that considers outside variables and employs efficient knowledge management techniques. Future research should overcome drawbacks like sample biases and explore these correlations using a variety of approaches and larger samples.

Analysis of Quality and Implementation of Sharia Financial Services Based on Financial Technology in Indonesia

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Technology development is increasing, marked by the increasing internet use in society. In addition, with technological advances, now many people shop for their needs through marketplaces. This study aims to describe the implementation of Fintech in Indonesia as a process of facing the digital era and quickly capturing opportunities in developing product market share. The type of research that researchers use is field research with qualitative descriptive methods. This research shows that technology services can make it easier for customers to carry out various transactions. It is proven by the number of users of the data sharia service feature who activate the service. From several acknowledgments of customers who use the data Sharia peer-to-peer lending feature, they feel accommodating with it without the sin of usury—the implementation of Sharia financial services carried out by corporate follows Islamic principles and achieves to make it easier for customers.

Proposed Marketing Strategy Based on Customer Value Using CLV Model (Case Study of Natione Tech)

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This research focuses on customer engagement strategies for technology companies to become industry leaders. It emphasizes the importance of leveraging profitable customers through Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) analysis, segmentation and targeted marketing. By analyzing real data from Natione Tech, the study identified three key factors: current value, potential value, and customer loyalty. Based on this analysis, 57 customers are categorized into high, medium, and low-profit segments, each requiring tailored marketing approaches. The strategies include personalized communication, cross-selling, exceptional customer service for high-profit customers; flexibility, trust-building, and direct assistance for medium-profit customers; and competitive pricing, loyalty programs, and targeted campaigns for low-profit customers. These strategies empower companies to excel in the customer engagement platform market and strengthen their position as technology leaders.

Investment Portfolio Optimization in Indonesia (Study On: Lq-45 Stock Index, Government Bond, United States Dollar, Gold and Bitcoin)

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In forming their portfolios, investors should analyze the risk and return of each investment instrument. This is aimed at preventing investors from speculating and gambling with their investments. Conducting an investment portfolio optimization study on LQ-45 stock index, government bond, USD, gold, and Bitcoin can provide valuable insights due to unique market characteristics in Indonesia. This research analyzes the formation of investment instruments over the last 60 months, specifically from January 2018 to December 2022. The research method used in this study is quantitative research aimed at selecting several investment instruments for a portfolio in Indonesia. The portfolio aims to minimize risk and maximize return using the Markowitz method, also known as the optimal portfolio. To fulfill the objectives of this research, data on the prices of each instrument are required. An optimal portfolio can be obtained by combining two instruments: 18% bitcoin and 82% gold. This optimal portfolio can achieve an expected return of 1.29% with a risk level of 5.15%. Considering a risk-free rate of 0.375%, this portfolio forms a slope of 0.1775, which is the largest slope formed between the combination of risk-free instruments and risky portfolios. Investors should allocate their funds more wisely, considering not only the highest return but also the associated risk. High returns often come with high risks, so investors need to assess the risk-return trade-off before making investment decisions.

The Contribution of Tourism to the Economic Growth of a Country

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Tourism has economic effects as well as political and social effects, but its economic effects are more than social and political effects. Tourism is closely related to the economic growth and development of countries and creates better job opportunities and an increase in income. Therefore, tourism is a significant cause of economic development, the economic value of which increases with each passing day. It can make a positive change in the economic and social situation of the countries. The results of the research indicate that, along with increasing the income of developing countries, the development of tourism has also created suitable activities, and while reducing the level of poverty, it has prevented the immigration of young people and attracted foreign investment. The findings of the research show that one out of every nine working people in the world is engaged in tourism-related matters.