German Kahn and Global Strategy

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The article analyzes the political ideas of German Kahn, one of the major modern representatives of strategic thinking, and their role and significance in the states (especially in the US experience) and international political relations. In particular, aspects of strategic knowledge that work in the area of expanding our goals and opportunities, its habitual thinking is related to limited goals and opportunities, and the fact that strategic thinking arising from one of the two allows one to consider not only one’s own decisions, but also those of one’s opponent, were analyzed. Also, the possibilities of strategic thinking and analysis today are highlighted.

Establishment of Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan and its Priorities

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The article analyzes the process of formation of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the main factors contributing to the formation of the foreign policy of the new state, taking into account the situation in Central Asia. The study also highlights the principles and priorities of Uzbekistan’s foreign policy activities and topical issues of developing international cooperation in order to preserve and strengthen regional stability.

Interaction of Some Environmental Gradients with Bloom Forming Coscinodiscus Species (Kützing, 1844) in the Upper reaches of Bonny Estuary Rivers State, Niger Delta

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This study was carried out from December 2021 to November 2022 to examine the interaction of environmental factors with bloom-forming Coscinodiscus species. Plankton samples were collected with a 20 µm mesh plankton net. The nutrients were analysed in the laboratory using the APHA 2012 Method, while physico-chemical characteristics were determined in situ. Three species were recovered C. concinnus, granni, and radiatus C. Concinnus recorded the highest mean density values in stations 1 and 2. C. granni recorded the lowest density values in stations 2 and 3, while C radiatus recorded the highest density value in station 2 and the lowest in station 1. The three species decreased across seasons (from dry to wet). Interaction between principal component analysis, environmental parameters, and Coscinodiscus spp. across stations indicates that temperature. and nitrate showed a strong positive correlation with C. granni species, while C. concinus showed a strong positive correlation with salinity. Conductivity, pH, and nitrate. Phosphate and nitrite showed a strong positive correlation with C. radiatus. These environmental parameters (temp.NO3, salinity, pH, TDS, and DO) greatly influence the distribution and abundance of the Coscinodiscus spp. and were the most used predictors in the forecast of Coscinodiscus spp., which were positively correlated. The regression coefficient, R2 = 0.878, in the model for Coscinodiscus concinus species accounted for 87% of the significant predictors and therefore confirmed the predictive power of this ARIMA model for predicting bloom forming C. concinus species, while the remaining species could not be accounted for. Human activities are having an increasing influence on the marine environment, especially the eutrophication of water. With an increase in the environmental gradients, there is a possibility of the species forming a bloom. There is the need for best management practices to address nutrient discharge in the Bonny Estuary.

The Development of Angngaru Poetry Reading Ability in Elementary School Students of SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency

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Gowa Regency boasts a diverse range of tribes, races, faiths, cultures, and dialects, but this does not prevent the people of Gowa from coming together. In this case, the Makassarese regional language serves as a means of unification. Aru (Angngaru) has traditionally been an art that involves regional poetry, notably giving an oath of allegiance before the king, and is now being implemented for elementary school students to adults to promote Makassar language arts. The ability to read Angngaru poetry in Poetry Development for Class Va Students of SD (Elementary School) Bontokamase in Gowa Regency is important. This research aims 1) to show the meaning of Angngaru poetry in class Va of SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency, 2) to describe the poetry reading ability of Angngaru students in class Va of SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency in reciting the array. This research used a quantitative descriptive and only wanted to see the ability to read Angngaru poetry for each student to pay attention to how to pronounce it in the Makassar language. Some raters are involved in this research to give the score for students’ performance. Quantitative research methods can be interpreted as research methods based on natural object conditions because researchers act as key instruments. The population in this research was Class VA students at SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency, and the samples were 37 students, consisting of 20 female and 17 male students. The research results on students’ ability to read Angngaru poetry are very good, and they can show the meaning very well. Based on the Angngaru participants in this research, it can be used as a pilot for other classes and between schools. 37 out of 40 students who were trained to read Angngaru properly, on average, were able to read and express Angngaru poetry well.

High Potential Activity of Garlic on Some Physiological Characteristics of Bacteria: Review

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In history, various cultures and civilizations had been applied garlic to prevent infections throughout many centuries. It could be used as raw juice, powders and capsules by means of dietary complements, so it differs from elements of food or conventional foods. It displays antibiotics activities against microorganisms, especially bacterial strains which have become resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, natural origins of antibiotics resemble cheap and effective choice for resistant strains. Because of garlic impressive antimicrobial effectiveness against multiple microbial infections, it is necessary to highlight its role in reduction of some physiological characteristics of bacteria that can cause many infections.

 

Strategies for Adapting to the Increased Labor and Fuel Costs for Commercial Fishing Boat Operators: Case Study in Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

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The objective of this study is twofold: 1) to examine the cost and return structure of commercial fishing boat operators in Tha Sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, and 2) to study the adjustment strategies and assistance measures for the group of commercial fishing boat operators in Tha Sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The sources of data used in this research are 1) commercial fishing boat operators in Tha Sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, and 2) government agencies related to commercial fishing boats. The study will use a snowball sampling technique, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with a set of predetermined questions. The results of the study show that the cost and return structure comprises five constant costs: labor costs, foreign document costs, boat registration costs, boat permit costs, and straight-line depreciation costs. Since 2020, the average cost per year has been 442,425 baht. In 2021, the average cost is still 442,425 baht, while in 2022, it increases to 445,425 baht due to fluctuations in cost factors, which include fuel prices, rice prices for fishermen, ice costs, and maintenance expenses. The return on investment for the past three years has been continuously decreasing, with an average of 7,200,000 baht in 2020, 6,200,000 baht in 2021, and 2,700,000 baht in 2022. The fishing boat operators have made adjustments in three areas to combat rising fuel costs: reducing work days, adjusting product processing, and relying on technology and innovation. However, the government and other public entities have no direct role in assisting commercial fishing boat operators dealing with rising labor costs and fuel prices. The only indirect assistance comes through a loan project that uses the fishing boats as collateral, and this has been available only once during the three-year period from 2020 to 2022 when labor and fuel costs were at their highest.

Nodulation in Rhynchosia schimperi: A Rare Legume of Indian Thar Desert

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Rhycnhosia schimperi Hochst. ex Boiss. is a rare plant of Indian Thar Desert and mostly confined to the Jaisalmer and Barmer district of Rajasthan. There are least information is available on the nodulation in it. In India the comprehensive study on nodulation in native legumes of Thar Desert was done by Gehlot et. al. in 2012. In which they have reported nodulation in more than 30 native legumes (excluding Rhynchosia schimperi) with detail study on the morphology & histology of nodules and their associated rhizobia. The present investigation was done to know the nodulation status as well as the morphology & histology of nodules and their associated micro-symbionts in Rhynchosia schimperi. The study reveal good amount of nodulation was found in it. The nodules were found perennial and mucunoid type and mainly two types of bacteria viz. fast growing probably Ensifer sp. and slow growing Badirhizobium sp. were found in it.

 

Tanning Agents of Herb Lofanta Anis (Lophanthus Anisatus Benth.)

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The article is devoted to the tanning agents of herb Lofanta anis (lophanthus anisatus benth.) which is used for colds, respiratory and skin diseases, as an anti–inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and expectorant. The medicinal plant raw material preparation Lophant aniseed–Lophanthus anisatus Benth, which has high effectiveness and low side effects on human health, based on the medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry of Uzbekistan.

The Adoption of Blended Learning as an Emerging Mode of Learning among EFL Students: Current Challenges and Future Directions

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Blended learning is one of the well-known concepts that has emerged as a result of the significant impact that technology has had on learning and teaching. The latter has created obstacles that have greatly influenced learning while also bringing new opportunities to learn from. In order to ascertain students’ perceptions of this type of learning and weigh the advantages and disadvantages to ensure best practices that support the quality of online learning, the current study was conducted among EFL students at three Moroccan universities (Dhar Mehraz University, Sais University, and Moulay Ismail University). 304 EFL students who successfully completed an online survey were included in the study. According to the quantitative and qualitative data collected, it was found that EFL students are thrilled with this approach to learning as they are prepared to switch from traditional learning to blended learning due to its benefits, such as self-paced learning, increased student engagement, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. The findings also indicated that EFL students encounter several difficulties while employing blended learning, which include procrastination, distraction, content overload, technical issues, and plagiarism.

Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) In Mediating Company Advantage to Funding Policies in Lq45-Indexed Companies

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This quantitative study aims to determine and analyze the effect of investment opportunity set (IOS) in mediating company advantage in the form of company size and profitability on funding policies in LQ45-indexed companies in 2019-2020. The population of this study is 54 companies. It involved 24 Samples selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from the documentation and data presentation using time series data. Data were analyzed using regression analysis, path analysis, and the Sobel test. The results showed that there is no effect of company size on funding policy and profitability has a negative effect on funding policy. Besides, IOS has a positive effect on funding policy and company size does not affect IOS. Profitability has a positive effect on IOS. IOS cannot mediate company size against funding policies. IOS can partially mediate profitability against funding policies. Companies use the opportunity to grow with the amount of debt to get more value with their investment. Companies positively respond to the extent of investment opportunities by turning their capital from internal and external companies for investment purposes.