Optimizing Risk Mitigation Analysis of Business Development Division (Case Study: Urban Transportation Division at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)

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The community can use various alternative modes of transportation, and the train is still the choice for most Indonesian people. PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), the object of this research, has 2 main businesses, namely the railroad and the non-railroad businesses. A company’s business processes do not stop until the company benefits from the business it does, but in this highly complex and interconnected world, the risk is everywhere. Risk management is an important discipline for companies, institutions, and society in today’s modern business world. Risk management is carried out based on the ISO 31000:2018 framework. This research will discuss optimizing risk mitigation strategies as a tool for the business development division to provide effectiveness and how to implement these solutions in the real world. Sources in this study came from secondary data such as annual reports, audited financial reports, and project studies in the Urban Transportation Business Development Division of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), discussions, and interviews with related parties. Some of the tools used in this study are PEST to analyze external companies, McKinsey 7S Framework to analyze external companies, and the Enterprises’ Risk Management method for the risk management process. Managing risk through optimizing risk mitigation can reduce and minimize loss exposure. Based on the risk matrix score results, the company can take risk treatment, whether the risk must be mitigated or accepted. The risk level score from the risk matrix is used to make underwriter decisions in the risk acceptance process at the Business Development Division of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero).

Understanding of Tax Regulations, Tax Administration and Taxpayer Morale towards Tax Planning

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This study aims to analyze the effect of understanding tax regulations, tax administration, and taxpayer morale on the tax planning of MSME actors in the Cikarang area. This study used a quantitative method using a Likert measuring device and the data used were primary data obtained from questionnaires filled out by 100 MSME’s respondent in the Cikarang area. The data analysis technique in this study was multiple regression using the SPSS version 26 application. The results of this study indicate that: Understanding of Tax Regulations and Tax Administration has a significant effect on Tax Planning. Meanwhile, Taxpayer Morale has no significant effect on Tax Planning.

The Role of Demand Forecasting Analysis (Case Study: Bio Farma for Papua Area)

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Bio Farma as the only vaccine manufacturer in Indonesia, divides its marketing area for vaccine distribution throughout Indonesia, represented by marketing representatives in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Segmentation based on geography for vaccine products is divided into five regions, one of the region is Papua. The forecast method used in Bio Farma for Papua Area is still manual. Marketers order vaccines from central Bio Farma and make forecasts if product stock is empty. If the product is empty, a buffer stock will be created. With the buffer stock system that has been implemented so far, there are often problems with excess product which causes the product to expire. From the data, the total loss due to overstock is Rp. 14,161,693 in 2022. If consumer demand falls short of expectations, it will definitely have an impact on the manufacturing of high inventory value, even leading to lost opportunities for sales. That is the fundamental issue with this research. The goal of this research is to identify the possible causes for the overstock and to identify a suitable solution for those issues.

There are five things consist of root causes the problem; (1) fully manual forecasting, (2) low sales forecast accuracy, (3) sales forecasting based on sales of the last one or two months, (4) lack of employee knowledge about sales forecasting, (5) significant gap between target and actual sales. The alternate strategy recommended is to provide a forecasting technique that is suitable for the company. Different forecasting techniques were selected to be compared in order to determine which may be used to improve forecasting accuracy. The forecasting techniques that are employed are the 3-month simple moving average, the 5-month simple moving average, the 3-month weighted moving average, the 5-month weighted moving average, and exponential smoothing. By using the MAD and MAPE measurement tools, exponential smoothing showed the most acceptable accuracy result.

Indonesian Digital Bank Stock Valuation: Case Study of Bank Jago in 2022

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In 2019, in the midst of the early stage of the digital banking industry in Indonesia Bank Arto underwent a transition and rebranded as Bank Jago, a digital bank. As a result of Bank Jago’s transition from a traditional commercial bank into a digital bank, the company’s stock reached an all-time high share price of Rp 19,000 per share in January 2022. This was the highest share price the company had ever achieved. The public’s excitement eventually subsided, however, and this resulted in a decline in the price of the company’s shares. The price per share of Bank Jago was recorded at Rp 4,200 in November of 2022, which was 77% lower than the price recorded in the beginning of 2022.

This research will analyze the financial performance of Bank Jago through the utilization of financial ratio analysis, and to determine the intrinsic value of Bank Jago through the utilization of absolute valuation using the Dividend Discount Model as well as the competitiveness and environment of the Indonesian digital banking industry using PESTEL and Porter Five Forces. From the Porter Five Forces, Indonesian digital banking industry indicates a high level of competitiveness, whilst the industry itself in Indonesia through the PESTEL analysis indicates that it will continue to grow due to the level of support from the political and government factors. According to the analysis of financial ratios, Bank Jago’s profitability has increased significantly over the past three years, as indicated by the rapid growth rate of the NIM, ROE, and ROA ratios since the time of its transformation. With a ratio of 145.86%, Bank Jago displayed a level of liquidity that was unsatisfactory. According to the projections using Dividend Discount Model, Bank Jago’s intrinsic value is currently undervalued by -23%.

Capital Structure Determinants of Public Infrastructure Companies in Indonesia

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The infrastructure utilization concept is a service that is created by certain or several infrastructures over a certain period. The service output should increase a region or nation’s productivity over time, stimulating economic growth. Under the leadership of President Joko Widodo, developing the infrastructure is one of the government’s priorities to support Indonesia’s economic development. The government invested in infrastructure USD 429.7 billion in 2020-2024, which is up 20% compared to 2015-2019. The financial characteristic of the infrastructure sector is the steady cash flow due to the revenue model, which makes it easy to predict so it can utilize to gain high-level leverage. High-level leverage also possesses a huge risk, it requires the company or project’s ability to generate revenue to pay the financing interest. Due to the risks that are possessed by the infrastructure industry, the capital structure needs to be managed carefully. This study is to analyze the capital structure’s determinants, which have a significant impact.

The population is all companies in the infrastructure sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data that will be used is obtained from audited company reports. An unbalanced panel data regression with GLS estimators is used to examine the secondary data. The static capital structure model will be the model that is used in this study. The static capital structures are based on the trade-off theory. Determinants of capital structure based on the static model are profitability, tangibility, growth, and liquidity. Profitability, tangibility, and liquidity positively affect the leverage ratio, while growth has a negative significant effect. Profitability has the highest impact among the determinants that have a positive impact. Which means that leverage is highly affected by it.

Association between Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment and Prevalence of Road Traffic Injuries amongst Motorcycle Users in Kibera Constituency, Nairobi County Kenya

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Throughout the world, road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a vastly silent encroaching public health problem. Motorcyclists and pillion passengers are two of the most vulnerable road users worldwide. In Kenya, the annual incidence reports on RTIs amongst these groups had been on the rise in recent years. In 2017, 1,270 injuries were recorded while 2018 had 1,587 RTIs amongst these two groups. In 2019, 2,911 injuries were reported and 4,575 injuries in 2020. The purpose of the study was to assess the association between the utilization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the prevalence of Road Traffic Injuries (minor and major) amongst motorcycle riders in Kibera constituency, Nairobi County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the prevalence of RTIs amongst motorcycle riders, to determine the level of PPE utilization amongst the motorcycle riders, to evaluate the association between the utilization of PPE and the severity of injury sustained by the riders, and to evaluate the effect size of the association between the utilization of PPE and the type of injury sustained by motorcycle riders. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to gather both qualitative and quantitative data from the motorcycle riders in Kibera constituency. Questionnaires were used to gather information on injuries sustained from the local hospitals and clinics visited by the motorcycle riders in Kibera constituency. A checklist was used to gather data on the utilization of personal protective equipment by motorcycle users in Kibera constituency. The total number of registered motorcycles (2956) was subjected to Slovin’s formula (n)=N/(1+Ne^2) to obtain a representative sample of 353 motorcycle riders who participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS V22 and MS-excel software. Data was subjected to bivariate analysis with crosstabs for case classification, Chi square to evaluate the association, and Cramer’s V to measure the effect size of the association. A 95 percent confidence level was used for the whole analysis of this study. The 0.05 level of significance was used throughout the study to test the significance of the association between PPE utilisation and severity of injury when an accident occurred. Utilisation of PPE was negatively associated with severity of injury. Further, while Helmet, Jacket, Heavy trousers and Gloves reduced severity of injury, Reflective vest and Boots were not significantly associated with severity of injury sustained by the Motorcycle riders.

Inventory Management with EOQ Model for Telecommunication Tower Accessories (Study Case at BMTec)

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BMTec is a telecommunication infrastructure manufacturer based in West Java, Indonesia. They produce tower accessories made of steel materials with various fabrication processes. The ineffectiveness of their current inventory management system has driven them to stockpile raw materials, resulting in reduced material quality in the form of corrosion and obsolescence. This brings up the question regarding how to improve the inventory management in the company, then drives the research to compare the effectiveness of BMTec’s current inventory management with the new-preferred inventory model. Before analyzing the mentioned issue, the primary data is gathered, accompanied by semi-structured interviews for the additional empirical data. An ABC classification is used to distinguish the essential items, which results in the telecommunication tower harmonica fence as the most crucial product in BMTec. Demand forecasting is applied based on the pattern of historical demand data. The Holt-Winters method was chosen due to the ability to adjust the seasonality and trend factor, although the forecasting inaccuracy reached 4.7 (MAD) and 78.4% (MAPE). By comparing the inventory costs over the current company’s method and EOQ model, analysis shows that with the EOQ model, BMTec could save their inventory cost 2022 up to 68%. The discussion in this paper begins with the background of the research’s underlying issues, followed by a literature review to update the scientific development for related studies. The third section conveys how the flow of this research is conducted, then discusses the findings or results from the analysis of collected data and chosen methods.

Political Knowledge and Involvement in Public Affairs of College Students at St. Paul University Surigao, Philippines

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The study is aimed to assess College Students’ Political Knowledge and their Political Involvement in Public Affairs. It was conducted to the 320 college students across all college departments at St. Paul University Surigao, Surigao City, during the second semester of AY 2021-2022.  The study employed a descriptive quantitative survey method. The findings revealed that there is no significant degree of relationship between the students’ Political Knowledge and their Political Involvement which means that the student’s level of political involvement is not dependent on the level of their political knowledge.  Political knowledge in this study is measured according to public policies, political leaders, political processes, and political issues while political involvement is measured from the perspective of voting, public forums, and political activism. Students were rated highly knowledgeable in all dimensions; however, they were rated seldom and not involved in voting, public forum, and political activism.

The Forgotten Factors Affecting the Expansion of Medical Laboratory Services to cope up the Rising Health Demands in Sri Lanka

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Introduction: The government of Sri Lanka identifies health laboratory service as an essential component in the health care service and is committed to providing quality essential laboratory services to healthcare seekers. Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka is responsible for the establishment and enactment of relevant legislation, and for providing technical and managerial guidelines for the maintenance of laboratories which comply with nationally and internationally accepted standards. Epidemiological and demographic transitions in Sri Lanka have compelled it to focus its attention to combat noncommunicable diseases, which are accounting for an estimated 80% of the annual deaths in the country. Improvement of diagnostics was identified as a priority in Health Master Plan 2016-2025 and by Primary Health Care System Strengthening Project.

Methodology and results: Qualitative methods such as key informant interviews, attending meetings and desk reviews were used to collect the factors affecting the expansion of laboratory services and the most crucial factors were identified by using the 80:20 rule. Issues related to the implementation of the National Laboratory Policy, laboratory financing, human resource issues, accreditation, and lack of making sense of data were found to be the most crucial factors that need to be addressed strategically to successfully expand laboratory services across healthcare institutions.

Conclusions: It is essential to improve the competencies and capabilities of the Policy Analysis and Development Unit of the Ministry of Health to facilitate policy analysis, reviews, and preparation of groundwork for National Policy enactment. Lack of accredited health laboratories and a plan to accredit may reflect adversely on the technical competence. Widespread unavailability and compartmentalization of information management systems have led to underutilization of laboratory-related data and this has resulted in a lack of a viable plan for evidence-based laboratory finance allocation and human resource development.

Stock Valuation and Financial Performance of Nickel Mining Company in Indonesia (Case Study: PT Vale Indonesia Tbk)

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Indonesia is home to 22% of the world’s nickel deposits, and its restriction on nickel ore exports since 2020 has resulted in significant changes to the supply chains of vital items such as electric vehicles and the stainless steel sector. Approximately 75% of nickel is used in the manufacturing of stainless steel, the most common use of nickel. However, nickel is also essential for the fabrication of electric vehicle (EV) battery cathodes, which are required for the shift to green energy. Current EV battery demand accounts for around 7% of worldwide output, but anticipated increases in EV demand will result in an exponential increase in nickel demand. The exponential increase in nickel demand led to volatility in global nickel prices. Volatility in global nickel prices is affecting companies that operate nickel mining businesses. PT Vale Indonesia Tbk (INCO) is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as one of the nickel mining firms operating in the nickel mining business (IDX). The volatility of the global nickel price is both a breath of fresh air and a problem for the firm. INCO may also participate in and benefit from the rising worldwide demand for nickel in the foreseeable future.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the intrinsic value of a nickel mining company in order to assist investors in making decisions in the current market environment. Evaluation of financial performance over the last five years and projections for the next five years using absolute and relative valuation methodologies. The author suggests investors to purchase this stock using a risk-reward assessment suited to each investor’s circumstances and the potential return earned. Referring to the stock valuation evaluation, investors are recommended to purchase if the price of INCO falls below the range of IDR 6,051 to IDR 6,335. When the market price is inside and above the intended range, it is not advisable for an investor to purchase INCO.