Abstract :
This study investigates the need for SMEs to practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) in building their brand image in Ghana. The study aims at exploring the role impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in building small and medium enterprises (SMEs) brand image in Ghana. Evaluating the role of CSR in building the brand image of SMEs adopted research designs/methods and approached to solicit both secondary and primary data. To identify the perceptions held by SMEs, motives for CSR practices, benefits associated with CSR practices, and the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on SMEs’ Brand Image, questionnaires and interviews were conducted with SMEs operators and Environmental Protection Agency officials in the Kumasi metropolis. The findings show that SMEs perceived CSR as a means of paying back to society what has been received as profit and also as a means of protecting and improving the quality of the natural environment as well as spending revenue to the state. It was noted that organizations practice Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to project the right corporate image, used as a marketing strategy, and to make employees happy and satisfied Benefits from CSR regarding customer loyalty, gaining goodwill from the community, enhanced government relations, and building client relations was also ascertained. Despite the numerous benefits associated with CSR activities, other challenges were also identified as free giveaway products and the high cost of CSR programs. Some suggestions such as the honest provision of accurate information about the SMEs products, organizing programs to suit students, a regular donation to the societies, and total collaboration between SMEs and their communities were made to promote firms’ image through CSR practices.
Keywords :
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) Brand ImageReferences :
- Aaker, D., and Joachimsthaler, E., 2000. Brand leadership. London: Free Press.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics, (ABS) (2002). The generosity of Australian businesses, AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
- Awuah, I. F. J., 2012. Ashfoam Fights Mosquitoes. Daily Guide; (Accra) No.124/12, p.2
- Abimbola Abor, J., and Quartey, P., 2010. Issues in SME Development in Ghana and South Africa. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. ISSN 1450-2887. Issues 39 (2010) © EuroJournals publishing, inc.
- Asongu, J. J., 2007a. The legitimacy of strategic corporate social responsibility as a marketing tool. Journal of Business and Public Policy, 1(1).
- Amoako, K., and Boateng, E., 2022. Analysis of the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility in brand marketing with AAKER Brand Equity and Daisy Wheel Models. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 30(1), 484–519. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v30i1.6089
- Barrow, S., and Mosley, R., 2011. The Employer Brand: Bringing the Best of Brand Management to People at Work. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. West Sussex.
- Boadi, E. A., He, Z., Bosompem, J., Say, J., and Boadi, E. K., 2019. Let the talk count: Attributes of stakeholder engagement, trust, perceive environmental protection, and CSR. SAGE Open,9(1), 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019825920
- Bhattacharya C. B., Sankar S., and Korschun. D., 2007. Corporate social responsibility as an internal marketing strategy, MIT Sloan Management Review, Forthcoming.
- Bhattacharya, C. B., and Sen, S., 2004. ‘Doing Better and Doing Good: When, Why, and How Consumers Respond to Corporate Social Initiatives,’ California Management Review, Vol. 47 (1), p. 9 – 24
- Bhutta, M. K. S., Rana, A. I., and Asad, U., 2008. Owner characteristics and health of SMEs in Pakistan. Journal of small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(1), 130-149.
- Buchholz, R., and Rosenthal, S., 2002. ‘Social responsibility and business ethics, in Frederik, R. (eds.), A Companion to business ethics (Blackwell Publishers Ltd., Great Britain), p.303
- Bosch-Badia, M. T., Montllor-Serrats, J. and Terrazon, M. A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility from Friedman to Porter and Kramer. Theoretical Economics Letters, 3, 11-15. doi:10.4236/tel.2013.33A003
- Bowen, F. E., 2000. Environmental visibility: a trigger of ‘green’ organizational response? Business Strategy and the Environment 9(2): 92 – 107
- Brammer, S., and Pavelin, S., 2004. ‘Building a Good Reputation,’ European Management Journal, Vol. 22 (6) p. 704 – 713
- Carroll, A. B., and Shabana, K. M., 2010. The Business Case for Corporate SocialResponsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research, and Practice. InternationalJournal of Management Reviews, 85-105. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00275.x
- Carroll, A. B., and Buchholtz, A. K., 2015. Business and society: ethics, sustainability and stakeholder management (9th ed.). Stamford: Cengage Learning.
- Castka, P., Balzarova, M. A., Bamber, C. J., and Sharp, J. M., 2004, ‘How can SMEs effectivelyimplement the CSR agenda? A UK Case Study Perspective’, Corporate SocialResponsibility and Environmental Management, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 140-149.
- Chatterji, A.K., Levine, D.I., and Toffel, M.W., 2009. How well do social ratings actually measure corporatesocial responsibility? Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 18(1), 125-169.
- Chaston, I., Badger, B., and Sadler-Smith, E., 2001. Organizational learning: An empirical assessment of process in small U.K. manufacturing firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(2), 139-151.
- Cowton, C. J., and Sparke, R., 2004. ‘The Maturing of Socially Responsible Investment: A Review of the Developing Link with Corporate Social Responsibility,’ Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 52 (1), p.45 – 57
- Crane, A. & Glozer, S., 2016. Researching corporate social responsibility communication: Themes, opportunities, and challenges. Journal of Management Studies, 53(7), 1223-1252. doi:10.111/joms.12196
- Culkin, N., and Smith, D., 2000. An emotional business: A guide to understanding the motivations of small business decision takers. Qualitative Market Research, 3(3), 145-157.
- Curras-Perez, R., 2009. Effects of Perceived Identity Based on Corporate Social Responsibility: the Role of Consumer Identification with the Company. Corporate Reputation Review, 12, 177-191.
- EIRIS, 2009. ‘Taking Stock: How Leading Stock Exchanges Are Addressing ESG Issues and The Roles They Can Play in Enhancing ESG Disclosures,’ London: Ethical Investment Research Services
- Fombrun, C. J., 1996. Reputation: realizing value from the corporate image. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
- Gilmore, A., Carson, D., Donnell, A. O., and Cummins, D., 1999. Added value: A Qualitative assessment of SME marketing. Irish Marketing Review, 12 (1), 27.
- Gray, R., Adams, C, A., and Owen, D., 1996. Accounting and Accountability: Changes andChallenges in Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting, Prentice-Hall.
- Hills, P., and Welford, R., 2004. Ecological modernization and corporate environmental governance in Hong Kong, Working Paper, The Centre of Urban Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Hong Kong.
- Hislop, M., 2001. An Overview of Branding and Brand Measurement for Online Marketers. Dynamic Logic’s Branding, Vol. 101, pp. 1-22.
- Kamyabi, Y., Barzegar, G., and Kohestani, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on Iranian SME financial performance. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, 1(5), 111-115.
- Kapferer, J. N., 2004. The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term. London: Kogan Press.
- Kotler, P., 2000. Marketing Management: Millennium Edition (10th Edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Krake F. B. G. J. M., 2005. Successful brand management in SMEs: a new theory and practical hints. The Journal of Product and Brand Management 14(4): 228–238.
- Lepoutre, J., and Heene. A., 2006. ‘Investigating the impact of firm size on small business social responsibility: A critical review’ 67(3) Journal of Business Ethics 257-273.
- Lynch-Wood, G., Williamson, D., and Jenkins, W., 2009. ‘The Over-reliance on Self-Regulation in CSR Policy,’ Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol.18 (1) p.52 -65
- Mahmud, A., Ding, D., Kiani, A., and Hasan, M., 2020. Corporate social responsibility programs and community perceptions of societal progress in Bangladesh: A multi-method approach. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020924046
- Maignan, I. and Ferrell, O.C., 2004. Measuring corporate citizenship in two countries: The case of the United States and France. J. Bus. Ethics 2000, 23, 283–297
- Marin, L. and Ruiz, S., 2007, “I need you too!’ Corporate identity attractiveness for consumers and the role of social responsibility”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 71 No. 3, pp. 245-260.
- Okertchiri, A. J., 2012. Telecoms Chamber Partners CSR Foundation. Dairy Guide; (Accra), p. 9.
- Otubanjo, B. O., and Melewar, T. C., 2007. “Understanding the meaning of corporate identity: a conceptual and semiological approach”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp.414-432.
- Peloza, J., and Shang, J., 2011. “How can corporate social responsibility activities create value for stakeholders? A systematic review”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp. 117-135.
- Piercy, N. F., & Lane, N. (2009). Corporate social responsibility: impacts on strategicmarketing and customer value. The Marketing Review, 9(4), 335-360.
- Pomering, A., and Dolnicar, S., 2009. Assessing the prerequisite of successful CSR implementation are consumers aware of CSR initiatives? J. Bus. Ethics 2009, 85, 285–301
- Roberts, P. W., and Dowling, G. R., 2002. Corporate reputation and sustained superior financial performance”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 1077-93.
- Srinaruewan, P., Binney, W. and Higgins, C., “Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Thailand: The moderating effect of competitive positioning”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 628-652. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-10-2014-0151
- Thorne, L. Mahoney, L.S. and Manetti, G., 2014. Motivations for issuing standalone CSR reports a survey of Canadian firms. Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal, 27(4), 686 – 714
- Turker, D., 2009. How Corporate Social Responsibility Influences Organizational Commitment. J. Bus. Ethics 2009, 89, 189–204.
- Warren, W. G., (Bill). 2003. Pragmatism and religion: Dewey’s two influences?. In Fay Fransella, International Handbook of Personal Construct Psychology. London: John Wiley and Sons. (387- 394).
- Werther, W. B., and Chandler, D., 2006. Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Stakeholders in a Global Environment, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, London, New Delhi
- Wright, C., and Rwabizambuga, A., 2006. ‘Institutional Pressures, Corporate Reputation and Voluntary Codes of Conduct: An Examination of the Equator Principles. Business and Society, Vol. 111 (1), 89 -117
- Zinkin, J., 2004. ‘Maximising the Licence to Operate: CSR from an Asian Perspective,’ Journal of Corporate Citizenship, Vol. 14 (Summer 2004), p. 67 -80
- https://www.leszekjakubowski.com/how-to-prepare-a-code-of-ethical-conduct/
- http://197.156.93.91/bitstream/123456789/3793/1/FINAL%20THESIS-EDITTED.docx%20LAST.pdf
- https://www.coursehero.com/file/134598538/chapter-2docx/
- https://www.slideshare.net/muzamilquadir/final-semester-project
- https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/ijm-2016-0001