Abstract :
Subtitles tend to use a standard form of language for the sake of clarity and accessibility to different types of viewers regardless of their idiosyncrasies. However, the use of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) in subtitling may not always achieve this objective. This article aims at arguing that MSA hinders the subtitler’s task as it does not provide them with the tools that might enable them to carry out their mission efficiently. It provides evidence that the problem is not exclusively connected to the specificity of subtitling as a constrained translation or to the ideological motives that engender manipulation. It concludes that MSA manipulates subtitlers as the linguistic options it offers are very limited if not sometimes inexistent. These restrictions and scarcities of options manipulate translators and push them in turn to manipulate their translations.
Keywords :
Abbreviations, Compound Words, Manipulation, MSA, Subtitling, Technical TermsReferences :
1. Aitchison, Jean. (2001) Language Change: Progress or Decay? Cambridge University Press.
2. Alkhoury, Tatiana. (2011) “Le sous-titrage dans le monde arabe : contraintes et créativité”, Traduction et médias audiovisuels. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 79-91.
3. Argeg, G. Mousbah. (2015) The problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Durham, UK.
4. Bassnett, Susan. (1991/2005). Translation Studies. New York: Routledge.
5. Díaz Cintas, Jorge and Aline, Remael. (2007). Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St Jerome.
6. Dressler, Wolfgang. (2006). “Compound Types. In The Representation and Processing of Compound Words”. In Gary Libben and Christina Gagné (eds). Oxford University Press, 23-44
7. Hamaida Lena. (2007). “Subtitling Slang and Dialect.” In Translation Scenarios: Conference Proceedings. MuTra, 1-11.
8. http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/2007_Proceedings/2007_Hamaidia_Lena.pdf.
9. Kramsch, Claire. (2005). “Post 9/11: Foreign languages between knowledge and power.” Applied Linguistics, 26. 545-567. doi:10.1093/applin/ami026. Accessed on January 15th 2019
10. Maamouri, Mohammad. (1998). Language education and human development: Arabic diglossia and its impact on the quality of education in the Arab Region. The World Bank: Washington D.C.
11. Newmark, Peter. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall.
12. Quirk , Randolf. (1973). A university Grammar of English Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. London.
13. Ryding, Karin. C. (2005). A reference grammar of modern standard Arabic. Cambridge University Press.
14. Sapir, Edward. (1921). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt , Brace.
15. Sapir, Edward. (1929). “The Status Of Linguistics As A Science.” In Language, 5:4, 207-214
16. Sotiropoulos, Dimitri. (1977). “Diglossia and the National Language Question in Modern Greece.” In Linguistics. Mouton Publishers, 5-31.
17. Trudgill, Peter. (1999). “Standard English: what it isn’t.” In Tony Bex and Richard Watts (eds.) Standard English: the widening debate. London: Routledge, 117-128.
18. Yaseen, Hiba. (2013). Terminological inconsistency in medical translation from English into Arabic. M.A. Thesis. An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
19. Zughoul, Mohammad. (1980). “Diglossia in Arabic: Investigating solutions.” Anthropological Linguistics, 22:5, 201-217.