Abstract :
Saving is vital at both micro and macro levels, at the micro level it secures the future of individuals and at a macro level, it increases the level of investment which increases the level of the country’s economic growth. This study examined the impacts of socio-economic factors on household saving behaviour in Faisalabad Pakistan. Cross-sectional data was collected at the district level from 200 respondents from rural and urban areas of Faisalabad. A stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. Household saving were used as the dependent variable and income, age, square of age, dependency ratio, marital status, employment status, level of education, wealth and liability were used as independent variables and regression was used for data analysis. The results of this study revealed that income and employment level significantly and directly impact household savings. Dependency ratio, marital status, level of education, wealth and liability have inverse and significant impact on household level of saving.
Keywords :
Consumer Behaviour, Life Cycle Hypotheses, Ordinary least square method. Saving Behaviour, Socioeconomic factors.References :
- Adema, Y., & Pozzi, L. (2015). Business cycle fluctuations and household saving in OECD countries: A panel data analysis. European Economic Review, 79, 214-233.
- Agrawal, P., Sahoo, P., & Dash, R. K. (2009). Savings behaviour in South Asia.Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(2), 208-224.
- Ahmad, M. H., Atiq, Z., Alam, S., & Butt, M. S. (2006). The impact of demography, growth and public policy on household saving: a case study of Pakistan.Asia Pacific Development Journal, 13(2), 57-72.
- Ahmad, M., & Asghar, T. (2004). Estimation of saving behaviour in Pakistan using micro data. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 9(2), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2004.v9.i2.a4
- Ando, A., & Modigliani, F. (1963). The “Life Cycle” Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests. The American Economic Review, 53(1), 55–84
- Ayub, F. (2001). Determinats of Household Saving in Pakistan. Unpublished MA (Economics) Thesis, Department of Economics. Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi.
- Bhalli, M. N. (2011). A GIS Based Analysis of spatial patterns of urban Growth in Faisalabad city 1981-2010. Geography. Faisalabad, GC University Faislabad. M.Phil.
- Burney, N. A., & Khan, A. H. (1992). Socio-economic characteristics and household savings: An analysis of the households’ saving behaviour in Pakistan.The Pakistan Development Review, 31-48.
- Collins, J. M. (2015). Paying for the Unexpected: Making the Case for a New Generation of Strategies to Boost Emergency Savings, Affording Contingencies, and Liquid Resources for Low-Income Families. A Fragile Balance: Emergency Savings and Liquid Resources for Low-Income Consumers. Palgrave Macmillan.
- El Mekkaoui-De Freitas, N., & Martins, J. O. (2014). Health, Pension Benefits and Longevity How They Affect Household Savings?.The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 3, 21-28.
- Fisher, P. J., & Montalto, C. P. (2010). Effect of saving motives and horizon on saving behaviors.Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1), 92-105.
- Friedman, M. (1957). The Permanent Income Hypothesis. A Theory of the Consumption Function (pp. 20– 37). Princeton University Press. https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/theory-consumptionfunction/permanent-income-hypothesis
- Haider, S., Ahmed, M., de Pablos, C., & Latif, A. (2018). Household Characteristics and Saving Motives: Application of Multinomial Logistic Regression to Examine Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics, 7(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABE.2018010103
- Hoe, S. L. (2008). Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique. Journal of applied quantitative methods, 3(1), 76-83.
- Ismail, A., & Rashid, K. (2013). Determinants of household saving: Cointegrated evidence from Pakistan (1975–2011). Economic Modelling, 32, 524-531.
- Kibet, L. K., Mutai, B. K., Ouma, D. E., Ouma, S. A., & Owuor, G. (2009). Determinants of household saving: Case study of smallholder farmers, entrepreneurs and teachers in rural areas of Kenya.Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 1(7), 137-143.
- Kłopocka, A. M. (2017). Does consumer confidence forecast household saving and borrowing behavior? Evidence for Poland. Social indicators research, 133(2), 693-717.
- Lee, J. M., & Hanna, S. D. (2015). Savings Goals and Saving Behavior From a Perspective of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 26(2), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.26.2.129
- Mateen, A., Arifianti, N., Muhammad Ubaidullah, H., Sari, D. W., Adtuti Sari, I. D., & Fatimah, N. (2025). Analysing Consumer Behaviour and Demand Dynamics of Poultry Based Fast Food in Faisalabad, Pakistan. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 08(02). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v8-i2-08
- Masson, P., Bayoum, T., & Samiei, H. (1995). Saving Behavior in Industrial and Developing Countries. Staff Studies for the World Economic Outlook (pp. 1–27). International Monetary Fund. https://elibrary.imf.org/view/books/083/06491-9781557754998-en/06491-9781557754998-enbook.xml
- Modigliani, F., & Ando, A. K. (1957). Tests of the Life Cycle Hypothesis of Savings: Comments and Suggestions. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics, 19(2), 99–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1957.mp19002002.x
- Modigliani, F., & Brumberg, R. H. (1954). Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-Section Data. K. K. Kurihara (Ed.), Post-Keynesian Economics (pp. 388– 436). Rutgers University Press.
- Pan, Y. (2016). Understanding the rural and urban household saving rise in China.Regional Science and Urban Economics, 56, 46-59.
- Popovici, G. (2012). Understanding the factors affecting savings of Dutch households. Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement,-2012. 43p.
- Rehman, H. U., Bashir, F., & Faridi, M. Z. (2011). Savings behaviouramong different income groups in Pakistan: A micro study. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(10), 268-277.
- Shaikh, S. A., & Sheikh, E. A. (2013). Macroeconomic Determinants of Savings in Pakistan. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 3(1), 151.
- Swasdpeera, P., & Pandey, I. M. (2012). Determinants of Personal Saving: A Study of Salaried Individuals in Thailand. Afro-Asian J. of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1504/AAJFA.2012.046347
- Ting, L., & Kollamparambil, U. (2015). Nature and determinants of household retirement savings behaviour in South Africa.Development Southern Africa, 32(6), 675-696.
- Zhou, Y. (2003). Precautionary saving and earnings uncertainty in Japan: A household-level analysis.Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 17(2), 192-212.
- Zhuk, M. (2015). Macroeconomic determinants of household savings in Ukraine. Economics and Sociology, 8(3), 41-54.