Abstract :
This research examines the academic enhancement programs in the seven business programs conducted under the STREAM. Results indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between post-test performance and success in professional courses through the representation of χ² = 4.1670 (p = 0.0421). Overall, programs successfully resulted in volunteer students passing their professional courses by 84.73%, whereas post-test success reached 75.86%. Although the connection between post-test and professional outcomes was modestly strong (Phi Coefficient = 0.1051), it is established that reasonable passing rates in both tests indicate that these targeted interventions have done the job by building on essential business competencies, such as critical thinking, academic integrity, and data analysis skills. Recommendations include replication of best practices for the most successful program implementations, student monitoring, personalized support, and continuous expansion of the scope of enhancement offerings in response to emergent business education needs. The findings underscore the significance of these programs, which provide a lifelong trajectory of academic and professional development for business students.
Keywords :
Business students, Chi-square, Enhancement program, Phi-coefficient, UNSDG no. 4References :
- Aboobaker, N. (2020). Human capital and entrepreneurial intentions: do entrepreneurship education and training provided by universities add value?. On the Horizon, 28(2), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-11-2019-0077
- Akella, D. (2010). Learning together: Kolb’s experiential theory and its application. Journal of Management & Organization, 16(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.16.1.100
- Almutairi, Y. M. N. (2022). Effects of academic integrity of faculty members on students’ ethical behavior. Education Research International, 2022(1), 6806752. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6806752
- Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago press.
- Ben-Shachar, M. S., Patil, I., Thériault, R., Wiernik, B. M., & Lüdecke, D. (2023). Phi, Fei, Fo, Fum: Effect sizes for categorical data that use the chi-squared statistic. Mathematics, 11(9), 1982. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11091982
- Birou, L., Lutz, H., & Walden, J. L. (2022). Undergraduate supply chain management courses: content, coverage, assessment and gaps. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 27(1), 1-11.
- Bourmistrov, A., & Åmo, B. W. (2022). Creativity, proactivity, and foresight. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121215
- Chao, Y. S., Wu, C. J., Lai, Y. C., Hsu, H. T., Cheng, Y. P., Wu, H. C., … & Chen, W. C. (2024). Translating Risk Ratios, Baseline Incidence, and Proportions Diseased to Correlations and Chi-Squared Statistics: Simulation Epidemiology. Cureus, 16(6).
- Chapin, K. (2015). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Student Success. Journal of Adult Education, 44(1), 25-31.
- Earley, P., & Porritt, V. (2014). Evaluating the impact of professional development: The need for a student-focused approach. Professional development in education, 40(1), 112-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2013.798741
- Erbil, D. G. (2020). A review of flipped classroom and cooperative learning method within the context of Vygotsky theory. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1157. doi: 10.1111/bjet.12763
- Eun, B. (2011). A Vygotskian theory‐based professional development: Implications for culturally diverse classrooms. Professional development in education, 37(3), 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2010.527761
- Fletcher, I., Leadbetter, P., Curran, A., & O’Sullivan, H. (2009). A pilot study assessing emotional intelligence training and communication skills with 3rd year medical students. Patient education and counseling, 76(3), 376-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.019
- Horner, R., Zavodska, A., & Rushing, J. (2005). How challenging? Using Bloom’s taxonomy To assess learning objectives in a degree completion program. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 2(3).
- Howlett, C., Ferreira, J. A., & Blomfield, J. (2016). Teaching sustainable development in higher education: Building critical, reflective thinkers through an interdisciplinary approach. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 17(3), 305-321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2014-0102
- Ito, H., & Kawazoe, N. (2015). Active learning for creating innovators: Employability skills beyond industrial needs. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(2), 81-91.
- Jordan, C., & Bak, O. (2016). The growing scale and scope of the supply chain: a reflection on supply chain graduate skills. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 21(5), 610-626. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-02-2016-0059
- Klaassen, R. G. (2018). Interdisciplinary education: a case study. European journal of engineering education, 43(6), 842-859. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2018.1442417
- Larkin, B. G., & Burton, K. J. (2008). Evaluating a case study using Bloom’s taxonomy of education. Aorn Journal, 88(3), 390-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2008.04.020
- Löfström, E., Trotman, T., Furnari, M., & Shephard, K. (2015). Who teaches academic integrity and how do they teach it?. Higher Education, 69, 435-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9784-3
- Macfarlane, B., Zhang, J., & Pun, A. (2014). Academic integrity: a review of the literature. Studies in higher education, 39(2), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2012.709495
- Marginson, S. (2019). Limitations of human capital theory. Studies in higher education, 44(2), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1359823
- Murrell, P. H., & Claxton, C. S. (1987). Experiential learning theory as a guide for effective teaching. Counselor education and supervision, 27(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00735.x
- Ormell, C. P. (1974). Bloom’s taxonomy and the objectives of education. Educational Research, 17(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188740170101
- Pandey, S., Sajjanapu, S., & Sangwan, G. (2015). Study on effect of emotional intelligence on conflict resolution style. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(6), 71-81.
- Pepe, M. S., Janes, H., Longton, G., Leisenring, W., & Newcomb, P. (2004). Limitations of the odds ratio in gauging the performance of a diagnostic, prognostic, or screening marker. American journal of epidemiology, 159(9), 882-890. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh101
- Penaluna, A., & Penaluna, K. (2009). Creativity in business/business in creativity: transdisciplinary curricula as an enabling strategy in enterprise education. Industry and Higher Education, 23(3), 209-219. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000009788640314
- Rutz, C., Condon, W., Iverson, E. R., Manduca, C. A., & Willett, G. (2012). Faculty professional development and student learning: What is the relationship?. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 44(3), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2012.672915
- Sapra, R. L., & Saluja, S. (2021). Understanding statistical association and correlation. Current Medicine Research and Practice, 11(1), 31-38. DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_62_20
- Selamat, J., Ismail, K. H., Ahmad, A., & ArpahNoordin, S. (2013). Self-driven co-curricular activities: A subtle way to enhance students’ soft skills. World Applied Sciences Journal, 22(2), 287-291.
- Shabani, K. (2016). Applications of Vygotsky’s sociocultural approach for teachers’ professional development. Cogent education, 3(1), 1252177. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1252177
- Sparrow, S. M. (2017). Teaching and assessing soft skills. Legal Educ., 67, 553.
- Valente, S., & Lourenço, A. A. (2020, February). Conflict in the classroom: How teachers’ emotional intelligence influences conflict management. In Frontiers in education(Vol. 5, p. 5). Frontiers Media SA.
- Wagner, T. (2014). The Global Achievement Gap: Why Our Kids Don’t Have the Skills They Need for College, Careers, and Citizenship–and What We Can Do About It. Hachette UK.
- Weisburd, D., Britt, C., Wilson, D. B., Wooditch, A., Weisburd, D., Britt, C., … & Wooditch, A. (2020). Measures of association for nominal and ordinal variables. Basic Statistics in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 425-477. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47967-1_13
- Yoon, J., Kim, K. J., & Koo, K. (2020). Enrichment program for the ethnic minority of gifted and talented students in science and engineering. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 10(1), 36-50.