Abstract :

Waste management and environmental sustainability are intricately linked aspects crucial for maintaining ecological balance and human well-being. This study synthesizes research findings and scholarly insights to underscore the significance of effective waste management practices in achieving environmental sustainability goals.  It examines waste treatment approaches, including recycling, waste-to-energy systems, and waste reduction strategies, highlighting their role in mitigating environmental impact. Additionally, the study explores the environmental consequences of inadequate waste management, emphasizing the urgent need for holistic solutions to address water, soil, and air pollution. Engineering solutions for sustainable waste management, such as the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), thermal treatment methods, and landfill management, are discussed as essential components of a comprehensive strategy. By integrating these approaches, policymakers, industries, and communities can minimize waste generation, conserve resources, and safeguard the environment for current and future generations. Challenges like regulatory barriers, lack of awareness, and inadequate infrastructure pose obstacles to sustainable waste management practices. Thus, a collaborative effort involving governments, businesses, and civil society is crucial to implementing effective waste management policies and initiatives. Through concerted action, we can transition to a circular economy model that promotes resource efficiency, environmental protection, and human well-being on a global scale.

---

Keywords :

Circular Economy, Engineering Approaches, Environmental sustainability, Sustainable Waste Management, Waste Reduction Strategies.

---

References :

1. Abdel-Shafy, H. I., & Mansour, M. S. M. 2018. Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(4), 1275–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.07.003
2. Abila, Y., & Kantola, J. 2019. Municipal solid waste management problems in Nigeria: Evolving knowledge management solution. International Journal of Environmental, Ecological, Geological and Mining Engineering, 7(6), 169–174. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/81930828/4713.pdf?1646827966=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DMunicipal_Solid_Waste_Management_Problem.pdf&Expires=1675349857&Signature=YpXG4D167XsC32RwW1ruo0XwLhvMnib~GsNJ34rp2~zBmiNuMYenV3UqM~Czxjk
3. Abubakar, I. R., Maniruzzaman, K. M., Dano, U. L., AlShihri, F. S., AlShammari, M. S., Ahmed, S. M. S., Al-Gehlani, W. A. G., & Alrawaf, T. I. 2022. Environmental sustainability impacts of solid waste management practices in the global south. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717
4. Ahmed, Z., Ahmad, M., Rjoub, H., Kalugina, O. A., & Hussain, N. 2022. Economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint: Exploring the role of environmental regulations and democracy in sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 30(4), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2251
5. Alam, P., & Ahmade, K. 2013. Impact of solid waste on health and the environment. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Governance, 2(1), 165–168. http://irnet.sg/irnet_journal/IJSDGE/IJSDGE_doc/IJSDGE_V2I1,2_papers/31.pdf
6. Alao, M. A., Popoola, O. M., & Ayodele, T. R. 2022. Waste‐to‐energy nexus: An overview of technologies and implementation for sustainable development. Cleaner Energy Systems, 3(September 2022), 100034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2022.100034
7. Amasuomo, E., & Baird, J. 2016. The concept of waste and waste management. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 6(4), 88. https://doi.org/10.5539/jms.v6n4p88
8. Arockiam JeyaSundar, P. G. S., Ali, A., Guo, Di, & Zhang, Z. 2020. Waste treatment approaches for environmental sustainability. In Microorganisms for Sustainable Environment and Health. INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819001-2.00006-1
9. Arushanyan, Y., Björklund, A., Eriksson, O., Finnveden, G., Söderman, M. L., Sundqvist, J. O., & Stenmarck, Å. 2017. Environmental assessment of possible future waste management scenarios. Energies, 10(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10020247
10. Ashworth, G. S., & Azevedo, P. 2009. Agricultural wastes. Agricultural Wastes, June, 1–306. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143016×14696400495019
11. Aslam, M. S., Huang, B., & Cui, L. 2020. Review of construction and demolition waste management in China and USA. Journal of Environmental Management, 264(March), 110445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110445
12. Banar, M., & Özkan, A. 2008. Characterization of the municipal solid waste in Eskisehir City, Turkey. Environmental Engineering Science, 25(8), 1213–1219. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0164
13. Brunner, P. H., & Rechberger, H. 2015. Waste to energy – a key element for sustainable waste management. Waste Management, 37(April), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.003
14. Camana, D., Manzardo, A., Toniolo, S., Gallo, F., & Scipioni, A. 2021. Assessing environmental sustainability of local waste management policies in Italy from a circular economy perspective. An overview of existing tools. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27(5), 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.01.029
15. Choudhary, S. 2019. A research paper on solid waste management. Jetir, 6(3), 657–662. https://www.jetir.org/view?paper=JETIREO06150
16. Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment 2022. 2022.
17. Dehghani, M. H., Omrani, G. A., & Karri, R. R. 2021a. Solid waste—Sources, toxicity, and their consequences to human health. In Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management, 2(January 2021), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824463-0.00013-6
18. Dehghani, M. H., Omrani, G. A., & Karri, R. R. 2021b. Solid waste—Sources, toxicity, and their consequences to human health. In Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management, 2(August), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824463-0.00013-6
19. Dehghani, M. H., Omrani, G. A., & Karri, R. R. 2021c. Solid waste—Sources, toxicity, and their consequences to human health. In Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management, August, 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824463-0.00013-6
20. Evode, N., Qamar, S. A., Bilal, M., Barceló, D., & Iqbal, H. M. N. 2021. Plastic waste and its management strategies for environmental sustainability. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 4(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100142
21. Gangwar, C., Choudhari, R., Chauhan, A., Kumar, A., Singh, A., & Tripathi, A. 2019. Assessment of air pollution caused by illegal e-waste burning to evaluate the human health risk. Environment International, 125(April), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.051
22. Gaur, V. K., Sharma, P., Sirohi, R., Awasthi, M. K., Dussap, C. G., & Pandey, A. 2020. Assessing the impact of industrial waste on environment and mitigation strategies: A comprehensive review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 398, 123019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123019
23. Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C., & Ulgiati, S. 2016. A review on circular economy: The expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007
24. Gupta, P., Sharma, A., & Bhardwaj, L. K. (2023). Solid Waste Management (SWM) and Its Effect on Environment & Human Health. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2(September). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0384.v1
25. Hopewell, J., Dvorak, R., & Kosior, E. (2009). Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2115-2126. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0311
26. Hussain, M., Chew, L. L., & Amirrudin, F. A. (2023). Sustainable Waste Management in Malaysia: Leveraging Supply Chain Solution for a Greener Future. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, 15(3), 147–154.
27. Ibrahim, M. I. M., & Mohamed, N. A. E. M. (2016). Towards Sustainable Management of Solid Waste in Egypt. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34(6), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.030
28. Istrate, I. R., Iribarren, D., Gálvez-Martos, J. L., & Dufour, J. (2020). Review of life-cycle environmental consequences of waste-to-energy solutions on the municipal solid waste management system. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 157(February), 104778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104778
29. Kah, M., Levy, L., & Brown, C. (2012). Potential for effects of land contamination on human health. 2. The case of waste disposal sites. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health – Part B: Critical Reviews, 15(7), 441–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2012.736855
30. Kaosol, T. (2009). Sustainable solutions for municipal solid waste management in Thailand. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 36(2), 666–671.
31. Khoshbeen, A. R., Logan, M., & Visvanathan, C. (2020). Integrated solid-waste management for Kabul City, Afghanistan. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22(1), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00936-z
32. Kirillova, A., Zotov, V., & Musinova, N. (2018). Engineering solutions in the construction of production facilities for waste processing. MATEC Web of Conferences, 193(2), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302010
33. Kumar, S., Adnan, M., Adnan, M., & Jha, A. (2020). Municipal Solid Waste Management and its Impact: A Review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(5), 685–693. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.11.5.2020.071
34. Kwarteng, P., & Kumah, V. A. (2022). Solid Waste Disposal Practices on the Environment. Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2(1), 26–45. https://doi.org/10.31586/rjees.2022.309
35. Lee, R. P., Meyer, B., Huang, Q., & Voss, R. (2020). Sustainable waste management for zero waste cities in China: Potential, challenges and opportunities. Clean Energy, 4(3), 169–201. https://doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkaa013
36. Lee, S. M., & Lee, D. H. (2022). Effective Medical Waste Management for Sustainable Green Healthcare. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214820
37. Mahajan, R. (2023). Environment and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review. Current World Environment, 18(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.1.3
38. Mihiretie, A. (2022). Suitable Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection Using Geographical Information System: A Case of Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 9(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.784087
39. Mihiretie, A. A. (2020). Suitable Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection Using Geographical Information System: A Case of Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 10(8), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/10-8-03
40. Mor, R. S., Sangwan, K. S., Singh, S., Singh, A., & Kharub, M. (2021). E-waste Management for Environmental Sustainability: An Exploratory Study. Procedia CIRP, 98(March), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.029
41. Mor, S., Ravindra, K., De Visscher, A., Dahiya, R. P., & Chandra, A. (2006). Municipal solid waste characterization and its assessment for potential methane generation: A case study. Science of the Total Environment, 371(1–3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.04.014
42. Morelli, J. (2011). Environmental Sustainability: A Definition for Environmental Professionals. Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14448/jes.01.0002
43. Moghadam, M. R. A., Mokhtarani, N., & Mokhtarani, B. (2015). Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City, Iran. Waste Management, 29(1), 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.029
44. Mukhtar, S., Wafa, W., Halimzai, H., & Shams, A. K. (2016). Planning for the Solid Waste Management of Central Park in New Capital Development of Afghanistan. Journal of Environmental Protection, 07(06), 805–815. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.76073
45. Nations, U., & Programme, E. (2009). UNEP in Afghanistan. Laying the Foundations for Sustainable Development, 2(12), 114–120.
46. Negash, Y. T., Hassan, A. M., Tseng, M. L., Wu, K. J., & Ali, M. H. (2021). Sustainable construction and demolition waste management in Somaliland: Regulatory barriers lead to technical and environmental barriers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 297(5), 126717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126717
47. Ogar, C. (2019). Environmental education and waste management behavior among undergraduate students of the University of Calabar, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/10-24-11
48. Osazee, I. T. (2021). Landfill in a sustainable waste disposal. European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2(4), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.4.165
49. Pardo, G., Moral, R., Aguilera, E., & del Prado, A. (2015). Gaseous emissions from management of solid waste: A systematic review. Global Change Biology, 21(3), 1313–1327. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12806
50. Perez, H. R., Frank, A. L., & Zimmerman, N. J. (2006). Health effects associated with organic dust exposure during the handling of municipal solid waste. Indoor and Built Environment, 15(3), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X06066427
51. Perkumienė, D., Atalay, A., Safaa, L., & Grigienė, J. (2023). Sustainable waste management for clean and safe environments in the recreation and tourism sector: A case study of Lithuania, Turkey and Morocco. Recycling, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling8040056
52. Poletto, M., De Mori, P. R., Schneider, V. E., & Zattera, A. J. (2016). Urban solid waste management in Caxias do Sul/Brazil: Practices and challenges. Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 10(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.050056
53. Pongrácz, E., Phillips, P. S., & Keiski, R. L. (2004). Evolving the theory of waste management: Defining key concepts. Waste Management and the Environment II, 4(2), 471–480.
54. Prakash, J. (2022). Emerging trends to approaching zero waste. Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste, 3(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-02541-7
55. Pires, A., Martinho, G., & Chang, N. B. (2011). Solid waste management in European countries: A review of systems analysis techniques. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1033-1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.024
56. Rahman, M. S., & Alam, J. (2020). Solid waste management and incineration practice: A study of Bangladesh. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 9(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijnm.2020.91001
57. Reno, J. (2015). Waste and waste management. Annual Review of Anthropology, 44(1), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014146
58. Reprint, S. I., Ojovan, M. I., Petrov, V. A., & Yudintsev, S. V. (2023). Nuclear waste management and sustainability. In Nuclear Waste Management and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-8607-6
59. Rhodes, C. J. (2018). Plastic pollution and potential solutions. Science Progress, 101(3), 207–260. https://doi.org/10.3184/003685018X15294876706211
60. Ramaila, S. (2016). Domestic and agriculture waste.
61. Sciences, H., & Nagar, I. (2019). Biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste management. Journal of Community and Social Health Nursing, 2(1), 25–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3593082
62. Seadi, T. Al, & Holm-Nielsen, J. B. (2004). Solid waste: Assessment, monitoring and remediation. In Waste Management Series, 4(12), 207–215. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0713274304800114
63. Services, P. (2019). Determining factors of waste management in Japan. Research Center in Public Administration and Public Services, 14(3), 62–76.
64. Shatnawi, R. S. (2018). Solid waste management: Classification and public perception on management options at Applied Science University. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 12(3), 379–388.
65. Shimamoto, K. (2016). Determining factors of waste management in Japan.
66. Siddiqua, A., Hahladakis, J. N., & Al-Attiya, W. A. K. A. (2022). An overview of the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling and open dumping. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(39), 58514–58536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21578-z
67. Singh, R. P., Singh, P., Araujo, A. S. F., Ibrahim, M. H., & Sulaiman, O. (2014). Management of urban solid waste: Vermicomposting a sustainable option. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 86, 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.02.005
68. Tiwari, A. (2018). Solid waste management – Case study. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, May, 395–399.
69. Townsend, T. G., Powell, J., Jain, P., Xu, Q., Tolaymat, T., & Reinhart, D. (2015). Sustainable practices for landfill design and operation (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2662-6
70. Ugwu, C. O., Ozoegwu, C. G., & Ozor, P. A. (2020). Solid waste quantification and characterization in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka campus, and recommendations for sustainable management. Heliyon, 6(6), e04255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04255
71. Unegg, M. C., Steininger, K. W., Ramsauer, C., & Rivera-Aguilar, M. (2023). Assessing the environmental impact of waste management: A comparative study of CO2 emissions with a focus on recycling and incineration. Journal of Cleaner Production, 415, 137745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137745
72. Vergara, S. E., & Tchobanoglous, G. (2012). Municipal solid waste and the environment: A global perspective. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 277–309. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-050511-122532
73. Vuppaladadiyam, S. S. V., Vuppaladadiyam, A. K., Sahoo, A., Urgunde, A., Murugavelh, S., Šrámek, V., Pohořelý, M., Trakal, L., Bhattacharya, S., Sarmah, A. K., Shah, K., & Pant, K. K. (2024). Waste to energy: Trending key challenges and current technologies in waste plastic management. Science of the Total Environment, 913, 169436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169436
74. Williams, P. T. (2013). Waste treatment and disposal. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com.af/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZH9kkhd56IcC&oi=fnd&pg=PP11&dq=Waste+Treatment+and+Disposal&ots=gvNsmByavn&sig=eIA8llLufIguE-3a3puz3rhdfhA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Waste%20Treatment%20and%20Disposal&f=false
75. Wilson, D., Rodic, L., Modak, P., Soss, R., Rogero, A., Velis, C., Iyer, M., & Simonett, O. (2022). Global waste management outlook.
76. Wilson, D. C., Velis, C., & Cheeseman, C. (2006). Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries. Habitat International, 30(4), 797-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.09.005
77. Yadav, G., Panda, S. P., & Sen, R. (2020). Strategies for the effective solid, liquid and gaseous waste valorization by microalgae: A circular bioeconomy perspective. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(6), 104518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104518
78. Yang, H., Ma, M., Thompson, J. R., & Flower, R. J. (2018). Waste management, informal recycling, environmental pollution and public health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 72(3), 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2016-208597
79. Yong, Y. S., Lim, Y. A., & Ilankoon, I. M. S. K. (2019). An analysis of electronic waste management strategies and recycling operations in Malaysia: Challenges and future prospects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.205
80. Yukalang, N., Clarke, B., & Ross, K. (2017). Barriers to effective municipal solid waste management in a rapidly urbanizing area in Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091013
81. Zangina, A. S., & Ali, A. F. (2021). An overview of hazardous waste management in Nigeria. Environmental Management, 7(4), 214–221.