Abstract :

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, represents a major global health challenge, affecting over 45 million people worldwide with projections to triple by 2050 [1]. This progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease leads to cognitive decline, behavioural changes, and a significant socioeconomic burden [2]. Despite extensive research into its complex pathophysiology, involving beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, the exact causes remain a mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors [3]. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management, as no cure exists [4]. This literature review synthesises recent advancements in Alzheimer’s research, exploring new pharmacological treatments, emerging therapies, and the efficacy of prevention strategies. It particularly examines how lifestyle modifications and risk factor management influence disease progression. The review highlights the potential of early intervention in at-risk individuals, aiming to prevent significant neuronal damage before clinical symptoms appear. It discusses the impact of various lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, mental and social engagement, and cardiovascular health on AD risk. Understanding these connections is crucial, given the ageing population and rising prevalence of AD. This review aims to inform better clinical practices and health policies, potentially reducing Alzheimer’s impact and guiding healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers in effective interventions. Ultimately, these insights could substantially alleviate the socioeconomic burden of Alzheimer’s disease and improve public health outcomes.

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Keywords :

Alzheimer’s disease, Beta-amyloid plaques, Neurodegenerative disorders.

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