Abstract :
This article thoroughly examines the process of creating a guarantee fee structure based on risk assessment, specifically focusing on PT XYZ as a case study. This addresses the necessity for a systematic methodology to ascertain guarantee fees that precisely reflect the related risks while guaranteeing fairness and openness. The report emphasizes the significance of infrastructure development in driving Indonesia’s economic growth and the contribution of state-owned firms such as PT PII. The existing techniques for determining guarantee fees are uneven and need a systematic approach, resulting in protracted negotiations and possible biases. This study seeks to close this divide by presenting a standardized approach derived from thoroughly examining existing literature and evaluating risk factors. These risk factors encompass credit rating, financial stability, loan duration, guarantee scope, project intricacy, past performance, and contingency planning. The methodology’s success is demonstrated through its application to PT XYZ Project A, validating its practicality. The results highlight the framework’s capacity to offer transparent and fair calculations of guarantee fees that precisely represent the risk profiles of projects.
Keywords :
Credit Guarantee, Financing, Guarantee Fee, Infrastructure, Risk Assessment., Standardized MethodologyReferences :
- Agnese, P., Rizzo, M., & Vento, G. A. (2019). The impact of credit guarantee schemes on SMEs bankruptcies: An international overview. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 9(4), 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-credit-guarantee-schemes-on-smes/docview/2206003717/se-2
- Akcigit, U., Seven, U., Yarba, I., & Yilmaz, F. (2021). Firm-level impact of credit guarantees: Evidence from turkish credit guarantee fund. St. Louis: Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/working-papers/firm-level-impact-credit-guarantees-evidence/docview/2587761996/se-2
- Boocock, G., & Shariff, M. N. M. (2005). Measuring the Effectiveness of Credit Guarantee Schemes: Evidence from Malaysia. International Small Business Journal, 23(4), 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242605054054
- Castillo, J. A., & Mora-Valencia, A. (2023). The effect of moral hazard on the SMEs credit portfolio guaranteed by colombia’s national guarantee fund. [Efecto del riesgo moral en la cartera de crédito de las RYME garantizadas por el Fondo Nacional de Garantías de Colombia O efeito do risco moral na carteira de crédito das PME garantidas pelo Fundo Nacional de Garantías da Colombia] Estudios Gerenciales, 39(168), 379-386. doi:https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2023.167.5961
- Cowling, M., Wilson, N., Nightingale, P., & Kacer, M. (2023). The hazards of delivering a public loan guarantee scheme: An analysis of borrower and lender characteristics. International Small Business Journal, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426231181455
- Dang, L. N., & Chuc, A. T. (2019). Challenges in implementing the credit guarantee scheme for small and medium-sized enterprises: The case of viet nam. (). St. Louis: Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis.
- European Commission. (2021). Pricing model proposed for guarantee schemes under the SNGM (Sistema Nacional de Garantia Mútua). [PDF document]. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/competition/elojade/isef/index.cfm
- Giorgio Calcagnini, Fabio Farabullini & Germana Giombini (2014) The impact of guarantees on bank loan interest rates, Applied Financial Economics, 24:6, 397-412, DOI: 10.1080/09603107.2014.881967
- Hu, B., & Hu, Y. (2024). A pricing model system for small and micro loan insurance considering limited claims. International Review of Financial Analysis.
- Jiaming Li, Xiaohua Lin (2017). Assessing credit guarantee companies in China: Applying a new framework. China Economic Review. Volume 44. Pages 98-111. ISSN 1043-951X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.03.008.
- Jian Yu, Fanjia Peng, Xunpeng Shi, Longjian Yang (2022). Impact of credit guarantee on firm performance: Evidence from China’s SMEs. Economic Analysis and Policy. Volume 75. Pages 624-636. ISSN 0313-5926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.06.017.
- Jin, Shuang and Wang, Wei and Zhang, Zilong. (2022). The Real Effects of Implicit Government Guarantee: Evidence from Chinese SOE Defaults. Management Science, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2916456 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2916456
- Matthäus, D., & Mehling, M. (2020). De-risking Renewable Energy Investments in Developing Countries: A Multilateral Guarantee Mechanism. Joule, 4(12), 2627-2645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.10.011
- Oh, I., Lee, J., Heshmati, A., & Choi, G. (2009). Evaluation of credit guarantee policy using propensity score matching. Small Business Economics, 33(3), 335-351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9102-5
- Reint Gropp & Christian Gruendl & Andre Guettler, 2014. The Impact of Public Guarantees on Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 18(2), pages 457-488.
- Siahaan, U. M. (2020). The use of US’ index theory to enhance quality of loan within banking industry and financial institutions. In Proceedings of the Universitas Dhyana Pura Conference, Bali, November 13, 2020 (pp. 347-366). ISBN 978-602-53420-6-6.
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Yoshino N., Fukuda, L. (2019). A model for calculating the optimal credit guarantee fee for small and medium-sized enterprises. ADBI Working Paper, 1045. Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/publications/model-calculating-optimal-credit-guarantee-fee-smes
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Yoshino, N., & Fukuda, L. (2019). A Model for Calculating the Optimal Credit Guarantee Fee for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. ADBI Working Paper 1045. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute.
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Yoshino, N., Fukuda, L., & Rasoulinezhad, E. (2021). A model for calculating optimal credit guarantee fee for small and medium-sized enterprises. Economic Modelling, 95, 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.03.003
- Yoshino, N., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2019). Optimal credit guarantee ratio for small and medium-sized enterprises’ financing: Evidence from asia. Economic Analysis and Policy, 62, 342-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2018.09.011