Abstract :

Indonesia is a country rich in laterite mining especially in Celebes island and northern Moluccas.  Laterite is a mineral rich with precious nickel. Nitric acid leaching has been used for nickel extraction from laterite under the influence of nitric acid concentration (2.0 M, 4.0 M, and 6.0 M) and leaching temperature (65^oC, 70^oC, and 75^oC) during 60 min. at 300 rpm.  The preliminary study aims to apply multiple linear regression (MLR) method to examine the dominant effect between acid concentration and leaching temperature on nickel extraction, and also Pearson correlation to study  significant correlation between the variables involved (acid concentration, leaching temperature, and nickel concentration). The method and results is related to  acid leaching at varied temperature  set up as predictors and  nickel concentration as dependent variable in the MLR equation using the enter method. The MLR method showed that acid concentration gave significant effect on nickel concentration, however, the leaching temperature showed no significant effect on nickel extraction at t ≤ 0.05. The Pearson correlation showed acid concentration correlated significantly with nickel concentration. The Kolmogrov-Smirnov (K-S) test showed normality for distribution of nickel concentration. The acid leaching method is potential for nickel extraction from laterite using extensive range of acid concentrations and leaching temperatures to improve nickel extraction.

---

Keywords :

Acid leaching, Laterite, MLR method, Nickel extraction, Pearson correlation.

---

References :

1. Arif, S., Supomo, H., Pribadi, T., Wahidi, S., Chandra, R. and Ariesta. 2023. Simulasi numeric desain cradle deck dermaga kapal 150 GT. Rekayasa Mesin, 14(1): 137–159. https://doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v14i1.
2. Arini, T., Hanum, L., Setiawan, I., Andriyah, L., Natasha, N. and Yunita, F. 2022. Struktur kristal dan morfologi permukaan sintesis SnO2 menggunakan metode sol gel. Rekayasa Mesin, 13(2): 427–433. Doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v13i2.1048.
3. Aslan, E., Toy, E., Guner, Z., Grijalbo, A., Yes, E., Ilci and Cicek. 2022. The effect of various nickel oxide ratios on the color and reflectivity of PY53 nickel-titanate yellow pigment. Results in Chemistry, 4: 100662. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109040.

4. Aslana, E., Toya, E., Guner, Z., Yes, E., Ilci, Grijalbo, A. and Bugra. 2023. Dataset of PY53 Nickel-Titanate yellow pigments for plastic, enamel and ceramic glaze applications. Data in Brief, 48: 109040. Doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109040.

5. Cao, K., Yang, W., Zhang, J., Liu, C., Qu, P., Su, H., Zhang, J. and Liu, L. 2021. Solidification characteristics and as-cast microstructures of a Ru-containing nickel-based single crystal superalloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 11: 474–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.01.043.
6. Dahani, W., Sundari, R., Subandrio, S., Marwanza, I. and Ivetta, I. 2022. Comparative study using low cost acetic and sulfuric acids on roasting and peroxide for leaching process to extract Pb from galena. International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering & Advanced Materials, 4(2): 51–57. https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/ijimeam
7. Ding, Q., Lao, Z., Wei, H., Li, J., Bei, H. and Zhang, Z. 2020. Site occupancy of alloying elements in γ′ phase of nickel-base single crystal superalloys. Intermetallics, 121: 106772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106772.
8. Elmisaoui, S., Benjelloun, S., Abdellah, M. and Chkifa, A. 2023. Surrogate model based on hierarchical sparse polynomial interpolation for the phosphate ore dissolution. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 173: 108174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108174
9. George, D., and Mallery, P. SPSS for Windows step by step : a simple guide and reference 17.0 update.  Allyn & Bacon Publ., New York, 2011, p. 192.
10. Gudivada, G. and Pandey, A. K. 2023. Recent developments in nickel-based superalloys for gas turbine applications: Review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 171128. https://doi.org/1016/j.jallcom.2023.171128.
11. Ilayas, T., Anjum, S., Yasin, M., Raja, A., Khurram, R., Sattar, M. and Mansoor, A. 2023. Rietveld refinement, 3D view and electrochemical properties of rare earth lanthanum doped nickel ferrite to fabricate high performance electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Ceramics International, in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.06.154.
12. Lin, C. C. 2001. Vibrational spectroscopic study of the system alpha Co2SiO4 – Ni2SiO4. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 157: 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2000.9044.
13. Lintjewas, L., Setiawan, I. and Kausar, A. Al. 2019.  Profil Endapan Nikel Laterit di Daerah Palangga, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Geology and Mining Research, 29(1): http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14203/risetgeotam2019.v29.970.
14. Pangeran, A. Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Suhu pada Pelindian Biji Nikel Menggunakan Larutan Asam Nirat.  A Thesis.  Department of Mining Engineering, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, 2022.
15. Sharma, S., Devi, A. and Bhattacharyya, K. G. 2023. Nickel-titanium dioxide-Fuller’s earth nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and application as a photocatalyst in aqueous methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 151: 110550. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110550.
16. Subardi, A. 2022. Sifat termal, elektrokimia dan struktur mikro oksida perovskit ganda sebagai material katoda SOFC beroperasi pada suhu menengah. Rekayasa Mesin, 13(3): 787–794. Doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v13i3.1203.
17. Vinosha, P. A., Manikandan, A., Ragu, R., Dinesh, A., Thanrasu, K., Slimani, Y., Baykal, A. and Xavier, B. 2021. Impact of nickel substitution on structure, magneto-optical, electrical and acoustical properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 857: 157517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157517.
18. Zhang, Y., Qie, J., Wang, X. F., Cui, K., Fu, T., Wang, J. and Qi, Y. 2020. Mineralogical Characteristics of the Nickel Laterite, Southeast Ophiolite Belt, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 37: 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-019-00147-y.