Abstract :

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of nanoherbal of reed root ethanol extract (Imperata cylindrica L) and optimal variations of alginate and CaCl₂ for the manufacture of nanoherbal of reed root ethanol extract. Nanoherbal are made using the ionic gelation method by mixing ethanol extract of reed root, alginate solution, and CaCl₂ solution. There are three variations in the composition of alginate and CaCl₂ solutions used, namely the ratio of 1: 6.66, 1: 3.33 and 1: 2.5. The solids in the nanoherbal colloids are separated using centrifuges. The residue is washed with aqueous and freeze dryer for 24 hours. Colloidal nanoherbal were characterized using PSA to determine particle size and potential zeta values. Nanoherbal solids were characterized using SEM to determine their surface morphological shape. The nanoherbal that were successfully made were faded yellow and white solids. The IR spectrum of nanoherbal shows absorption bands at O-H extended vibrations, C-O bending vibrations, and C=C bending vibrations that undergo shifting, as well as the emergence of manuronat fingerprint bond vibrations in the infrared spectrum supporting the formation of nanoherbal. Characterization using PSA showed a size of 186.2 nm at an optimal concentration ratio of alginic acid and CaCl₂ of 1:6.66. SEM results show solids particles are not spherical, uneven, and in the form of loose aggregates on the surface.

---

Keywords :

Ionic gelation method, Nanoherbal, reed root, reed root ethanol extract.

---

References :

1. Bustanussalam. 2016. Utilization of Traditional (Herbal) Medicine as Alternative Medicine.  BioTrends, 7(1), 20–25.
2. Wahyuni, N. P. S. 2021. Implementation of Traditional Medicine in Indonesia. Jurnal Yoga dan Kesehatan, 4(2), 149–162.
3. Mulyadi, M., Wuryanti, W., & Sarjono, P. R. 2017. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (KHM) of Reed Sample Rate (Imperata cylindrica) in Ethanol Through the Disc Diffusion Method. Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 20(3), 130–135.
4. Hairiah, K., van Noordwijk, M., & Purnomosidhi, P. 2000. Reclamation of Imperata grassland using agroforestry. Bogor: Internasional Centre for Research in Agroforestry.
5. Aryani, P., Kusdiyantini, E., & Suprihadi, A. 2020. Isolation of Alang-alang Leaf Endophytic Bacteria (Imperata cylindrica) and their Secondary Metabolites with Potential as Antibacterials. Jurnal Akademika Biologi, 9(2), 20–28.
6. Mohanraj, V. J., & Chen, Y. 2006. Nanoparticles-A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1), 561–573.
7. Rismana, E., Kusumaningrum, S., Idah, R., Nizar, & Yulianti, E. 2013. Stability Testing of Antiacne Preparations Made from Active Raw Materials Chitosan Nanoparticles / Mangosteen Extract – Centella asiatica. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 41(4), 207–216.
8. Sutoyo, S., Amaria, A., Sanjaya, I. G. M., Hidayah, R., Sari, D. P., Dwitarani, N., Oktavia, F. D., & Fadzlillah, N. A. 2022. Synthesis of Nanoherbal from Ethanol Extract of Indonesian Fern Selaginella plana and Antibacterial Activity Assay. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 6(1), 44–49.
9. Mardiyanto, M., Herlina, H., Fithri, N. A., & Rahmi, Y. 2019. Formulation and Evaluation of Submicro Preparations of Gelasic-Ionic Particles Carrying Leaf Extract Pluchea indica As an antibacterial on the skin of male white rats of Wistar strains. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 6(2), 171–179.
10. Wulandari, I. O., Rahayu, L. B., Riva’i, I., Sulistyarti, H., & Sabarudin, A. 2021. Synthesis and Characterization of Biocompatible Polymer Modified Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Drug Conductors. The Indonesian Green Technology Journal, 10(1), 1–8.
11. Ariani, L. W., & Purwanto, U. R. E. 2019. Hibiscus Leaf Extract Nanoparticle Formulation (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.). Repository STIFAR.
12. Ngafif, A., Ikasari, E. D., Ariani, & Wahyu, L. 2020. Optimization of The Combination of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂) As a Cross-linking Agent of Katuk Leaf Ethanol Extract Nanoparticles (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr). BIMFI, 2(1), 13–23.
13. Jayanudin, J., Rochmadi, R., Renaldi, M. K., & Pangihutan, P. 2017. The Effect of Coatings On The Encapsulation Efficiency of Red Ginger Oleoresin. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 13(2), 275–287.
14. Khakim, A. N., & Atun, S. 2017. Manufacture of Pepet Key Extract Nanoparticles (Kaempferia rotunda) with Alginates at Various Variations in Calcium Ion Concentrations. Jurnal Kimia Dasar, 6(1), 43–51.
15. Putri, G. M., & Atun, S. 2017. Making Characterization of Key Ethanol Extract Nanoparticles (Boesenbergia panduration) On Various Variations In Alginate Composition. Jurnal Kimia Dasar, 6(1), 19–25.
16. Puspitasari, A. D., & Proyogo, L. S. 2017. Comparison of Maceration and Socleation Extraction Methods Against Total Flavonoid Levels of Kersen Leaf Ethanol Extract (Muntingia calabura). Jurnal Ilmiah Cendekia Eksakta, 13(2), 1–8.
17. Swarbrick, J. 2007. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology Third Edition (J. Swarbrick (ed.); Third, Vol. 1). New Yok: Informa Heath Care.
18. Sukeksi, L., Sidabutar, A. J., & Sitorus, C. 2017. Alkaline Maceration of Batan Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Using Aquadest Solvent. Teknik Kimia USU, 6(4), 22–28.
19. Hasnaeni, Wisdawati, & Usma, S. 2019). The Effect of The Extraction Method On The Yield and Phenolic Content of BetaBeta Wood Plant Extract (Lunasia amara Blanco). (Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal), 5(2), 166–174.
20. Maharani, P., Ikasari, E. D., Purwanto, U. R. E., & Bagiana, I. K. 2022. Optimization of Na-Alginate and Ca-Chloride On Nanoparticles of Fucoidan Purified Extract From Brown Seaweed (Sargassum polycystum). Jurnal Farmasi Medica/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ), 5(2), 38–45.
21. Imanto, T., Prasetiawan, R., & Wikantyasning, E. R. 2019. Formulation and Characterization of Nanoemulgel Preparations of Aloe Vera Powder (Aloe Vera L.). Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 16(1), 28–37.
22. Taurina, W., Sari, R., Hafinur, U. C. H., Isnindar, & Wahdaningsih, S. 2017. Optimization of Speed and Stirring Time Against the Size of Chitosan Nanoparticles-70% Ethanol Extract of Siamese Orange Peel (Citrus nobilis L. var Microcarpa). Traditional Medicine Journal, 22(1), 16–20.
23. Abdassah, M. 2017. Nanoparticles With Ionic Gelation. Jurnal Farmaka, 15(1), 45–52.
24. Hatmayana, R., Noval, Ramadhani, R. A., Auliyani, N., &; Mardiyah, D. 2022. Characterization of Lemongrass Leaf Extract Nanocapsules (Chromolaena odorata L.) With Chitosan-Alginate Variations Using the Emulsion-Diffusion Method. Jurnal Surya Medika, 8(3), 187–194.
25. Masakke, Y., Sulfikar, & Rasyid, M. 2015. Biosynthesis of Silver Particle-Nano Using Mangosteen Leaf Metanol Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.). Jurnal Sainsmat, IV(1), 28–41.
26. Martien, R., Adhyatmika, Irianto, I. D. K., Farida, V., & Sari, D. P. 2012. Development of Nanoparticle Technology As a Drug Delivery System. Majalah Farmaseutik, 8(1), 133–144.
27. Amin, R.R. & Sutoyo, S. 2022. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoherbal of Reed Root Ethanol Extract (Imperata cylindrica L) Using Ionic Gelation Method. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review,  5(7), 2396– 2403.
28. Rahman, R.A. & Sutiyo, S. 2022. Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanol Extract of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) Using Bioreduction Method. International Journal of Progressive Science and Technologies, 34(2), 32-40.
29. Laksanawati, R., Husni, A., &; Ustadi. 2017. Development of Alginate Extraction Method from Seaweed Turbinaria ornata. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(2), 362–369.