Abstract :
The digital banking industry in Indonesia has experienced significant growth, driven by changing customer demands, technological advancements, and regulatory support. The digitalization of Indonesian banks aims to enhance cost efficiency. This research utilizes the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to measure the cost efficiency of Indonesian commercial banks. The research includes digital banks as business units and neo-banks, comparing their cost efficiency from 2012 to 2020, with digital banks and neo-banks generally operating more efficiently than non-digital banks. The findings highlight the significant impact of digital transformation on cost efficiency in the banking industry. Stakeholders, including banks and financial authorities, can utilize these insights to plan strategies, reduce operating costs, and enhance cost efficiency. Further research can explore additional factors, such as macroeconomic influences, and categorize commercial banks based on their core capital categories.
Keywords :
Banking Industry, Cost Efficiency, DEA., Digital Bank, DigitalizationReferences :
- Aigner, D.J., Lovell, C. A. K., & Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Economics, 6, 21-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5
- Antunes, J. J., Hadi-Vencheh, A., Jamshidi, A., Tan, Y., & Wanke, P. F. (2021). Bank efficiency estimation in China: DEA-RENNA approach. Annals of Operations Research, 315, 1373-1398.
- Arshinova, T. (2007). The problem of efficiency measurement and its solutions. Riga Technical University, 97.
- Azad, M. A. K., Munisamy, S., Masum, A. K. M., Saona, P., & Wanke, P. (2016). Bank efficiency in Malaysia: A use of malmquist meta-frontier analysis. Eurasian Business Review, 7(2), 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821016-0054-4
- Bendig, E. (2023, May 9). Majority of people prefer traditional banks over online banks. Kiplinger. https://www.kiplinger.com/personal-finance/majority-of-people-prefer-traditional-banks-over-online-banks
- Berger, A. N., De Young, R. (1997). Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks. J. Bank. Finance, 21, 849-870.
- Choi, J., Santhanam, P., Wray, P., Shubhankar, S., & Vandensteen, J. (2020, December 9). The Rise of Digital Banking in Southeast Asia. BCG. https://www.bcg.com/the-rise-of-digital-banking-in-southeast-asia
- Chowdhury, M. A. M., & Haron, R. (2021). The efficiency of Islamic Banks in the Southeast Asia (SEA) Region. Futur Bus J, 7(16). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00062-z
- Chu, S. & Lim, G. (1998). Share performance and profit efficiency of banks in an oligopolistic market: Evidence from Singapore. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 8, 155-168.
- (2019), Bank X: The new new banks. Citi GPS: Global Perspectives & Solutions. https://www.citigroup.com/rcs/citigpa/akpublic/storage/public/Global-ESG-Report-2019.pdf?ieNocache=99
- Drucker, P. F. (1963). Managing for business effectiveness. Harvard Business Review, 41(3), 53–60.
- Erkie, A., & Andualem, B. (2018). Review on parametric and nonparametric methods of efficiency analysis. Open Access Bioinformatics, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31031/OABB.2018.02.000534
- Faturohman, T., Maharani, A. K., Sudrajad, O. Y., & Irawan, A. (2019). Data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency of Islamic banks in ASEAN: A cross-country comparative examination of intermediation and production efficiency approach. JMBI Unsrat, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v6i3.26680
- Harjanti, I., Nasution, F., Gusmawati, N., Jihad, M., Shihab, M. R., Ranti, B., & Budi, I. (2019, September 10-11). IT impact on business model changes in banking era 4.0: Case study Jenius. 2nd International Conference of Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE) [Conference presentation]. Banyuwangi, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC2IE47452.2019.8940837
- Khalid, S., & Battal, A. (2006). Using data envelopment analysis to measure cost efficiency with an application on Islamic banks. Scientific Journal of Administrative Development, 4, 134-156.
- Koroleva, E.V., & Kudryavtseva, T. (2019). Factors Influencing Digital Bank Performance. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37737-3_29
- Meeusen, W., & van Den Broeck, J. (1977). Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18, 435-44. https://doi.org/10.2307/2525757
- Murillo-Zamorano, L. R., & Vega-Cervera, J. A. (2001). The use of parametric and non-parametric frontier methods to measure the productive efficiency in the industrial sector: A comparative study. International Journal of Production Economics, 69(3), 265-275.
- Phan, H. T., Anwar, S., & Alexander, W. R. J. (2018). The determinants of banking efficiency in Hong Kong 20042014. Applied Economics Letters, 25(18), 1323–1326. https://doi,org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1420870
- Ramadhan, A., & Sudrajad, O. (2022). A comparative study of banking financial performance before and after the bank digitalization in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Research In Economics And Finance, 4(3), 129141.
- Resti, A. (1997). Evaluating the cost-efficiency of the Italian banking system: What can be learned from the joint application of parametric and non-parametric techniques. Journal of Banking & Finance, 21(2), 221-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(96)00036-2
- Sajic, M., Bundalo, D., Bundalo, Z., & Pasalic, D. (2017). Digital technologies in transformation of classical retail bank into digital bank. 2017 25th Telecommunication Forum (TELFOR), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/TELFOR.2017.8249404
- Sakouvogui, K. (2020). A comparative approach of stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis estimators: evidence from banking system. Journal of Economic Studies, 47(7), 1787–1810. https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-01-2019-0051
- Scott, S. V., van Reenen. J., & Zachariadis, M. (2017), The long-term effect of digital innovation on bank performance: An empirical study of swift adoption in financial services. Research Policy, Elsevier, 46(5), 984–1004.
- Sealey, C. & Lindley, J. (1977). Inputs, outputs and theory of production cost at depository financial institutions. Journal of Finance, 32(4), 1251-1266.
- Skinner, C. (2014). Digital Bank: Strategies to launch or become a digital bank. Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited.
- Sudrajad, O. Y. (2018). The dynamics of bank business model transitions and efficiency: Empirical evidence from the ASEAN banking sector. The dynamics of bank business models in the ASEAN banking sector (pp. 113-154). Atelier des Presses.
- Vong, J., Mandal, P., & Song, I. (2016). Digital banking for alleviating rural poverty in Indonesia: Some Evidences. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-585-3_1
- Wahyudi, S. T., & Azizah, A. (2018). A comparative study of banking efficiency in ASEAN-5: The data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 33(2), 168. 10.22146/jieb.24479.
- Wang, M., & Wang, M. H. (2002). Comparison of economic efficiency estimation methods: Parametric and nonparametric techniques. The Manchester School, 70(5), 682-709.
- Woetzel, J., Thomas, R., Barquin, S., & Devesa, T. (2021). Future of Asia: The future of financial services. McKinsey.
- Yong-bae, J & Choonjoo, L. (2010). Data envelopment analysis. Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, 10(2), 267-280.
- Yusgiantoro, I. (2019). Digital Banking Technology Adoption and Bank Efficiency: The Indonesian Case.