Abstract :
This study aimed to identify the factors that influence customers’ attention and decision-making on Instagram for education agencies in Istanbul. In these days, social media is one of the strongest approaches to promoting or selling services. People are browsing social media daily on public transportation and during their leisure time. This is a great opportunity for those agencies to reach the potential customers they are looking for through ads. The researchers gathered primary qualitative data using in-depth interviews. Ten students from Africa and the Middle East who currently live and study in Istanbul were the study’s target sample. The findings show that the interviewees open social media platforms from 1 to 2 times daily, and the average usage duration is between 2 and 3 hours. The main factors that encourage the interviewees to follow business pages on Instagram are content, the brand’s quality, word-of-mouth, price, and the most important one is the page’s content, including the content in Arabic. Also, including a contact number will increase the chances of the ad being opened. Other factors include the number of offered services, the year of establishment, the number of followers, website availability, contact information availability, the number of users or customers, content, price, face-to-face services, and achievements by these companies (success stories, content in English and Arabic, physical address, information about the company’s team, design, and creativity). Regarding the trust factor in terms of education agencies, word-of-mouth and the number of followers are considered the main keys. A possible improvement for education agencies from a customer perspective is increasing the number of ads targeting international students, including videos and pictures. Also, these agencies need to list their team members’ details to increase trust, and professional customer service is required to improve the performance of these agencies, including clarity and honesty.
Keywords :
Consumer Attention, Consumer Behaviour, Consumer Decision Making, Education Agencies, Turkey, Word-Of-Mouth (WOM)References :
- Abuljadail, M. H., Ha, L., Wang, F., & Yang, L. (2015). What Motivates Online Shoppers to “Like”
- Brands’ Facebook Fan Pages?. In Human Behavior, Psychology, and Social Interaction in the Digital Era (pp. 279-293). IGI Global.
- Afzal, H., Khan, M. A., ur Rehman, K., Ali, I., & Wajahat, S. (2010). Consumer’s trust in the brand: Can it be built through brand reputation, brand competence and brand predictability. International Business Research, 3(1), 43-51.
- Atwong, C. T. (2015). A social media practicum: An action-learning approach to social media marketing and analytics. Marketing Education Review, 25(1), 27-31. doi:10.1080/10528008.2015.999578.
- Bashar, I. Ahmad & M. Wasiq. (2012). Effectiveness Of Social Media as A Marketing Tool: An Empirical Study.
- Bernard, Mike (2016). The impact of social media on the B2B CMO. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 31(8), 955–960.
- Bilgin, Y. (2018). The effect of social media marketing activities on brand awareness, brand image and brand loyalty. Business & management studies: an international journal, 6(1), 128-148.
- Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development:
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Castronovo, C. & Huang, L. (2012). Social Media is an Alternative Marketing Communication Model. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, Vol 6 No 1, p. 117-134.
- Charlesworth, A. (2009). Internet marketing: a practical approach. Routledge.Chung, J. Y., & Buhalis, D. (2008, January). Web 2.0: A study of online travel community. In ENTER (pp. 70-81).
- Davis Mersey, R., Malthouse, E. C., & Calder, B. J. (2010). Engagement with online media. Journal of Media Business Studies, 7(2), 39-56.
- Dean, C. (2019). Social media marketing strategies used by owners of small retail businesses (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
- Divya, A., &Regi, S. B. (2014). An Empirical Study on Effectiveness of Social Media as a Marketing Tool. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review.
- Frith, H., & Gleeson, K. (2004). Clothing and embodiment: Men managing body image and appearance. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(1), 40.
- Gelashvili, V., Martínez-Navalón, J. G., & Enríquez, G. H. (2021). How stress and anxiety when using mobile restaurant reservation Apps influence users’ satisfaction and trust. Journal of Indian Business Research.
- Goldsmith RE, Lafferty BA (2002) Consumer response to Web sites and their influence on advertising effectiveness. Internet Research 12: 318-328.
- Hayes, N. (1997). Theory-led thematic analysis: Social identification in small companies.
- Haythornthwaite, C. (2005). Social networks and Internet connectivity effects. Information, Community & Society, 8(2), 125-147.
- Hennig-Thurau, T., Malthouse, E., Friege, C., Gensler, S., Lobschat, L., Rangaswamy, A., & Skiera, B. (2010). The impact of new media on customer relationships. Journal of Service Research, 13 (3), 311- 330.
- Huang, Y. T., & Su, S. F. (2018). Motives for Instagram use and topics of interest among young adults. Future internet, 10(8), 77.
- Ismail, H. (2016). Preferences in business and corporate strategies: The role of personal values. Contemporary Management Research, 12(1).
- Kallio, K. (2015). The Effectiveness of Social Media as a Marketing Communication Tactic: Case Gina Tricot Ltd.
- Lagrosen, S. (2005). Effects of the internet on the marketing communication of service companies. Journal of services marketing.
- Lee, C. H., Wang, Y. H., Trappey, A. J., & Yang, S. H. (2014). Applying geo-social networking and the theory of inventive problem-solving in service innovation and evaluation. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 31(2), 95-107.
- Mangold, W. G., & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52, 357-365.
- Martínez-Navalón, J. G., Gelashvili, V., & Saura, J. R. (2020). The impact of environmental social media publications on user satisfaction with and trust in tourism businesses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5417.
- Maurer, C., & Wiegmann, R. (2011, January). Effectiveness of advertising on social network sites: a case study on Facebook. In ENTER (pp. 485-498).
- McCay-Peet, L., & Quan-Haase, A. (2017). What is social media and what questions can social media research help us answer. The SAGE handbook of social media research methods, 13-26.
- Moran, E., & Gossieaux, F. (2010). Marketing in a hyper-social world: The tribalization of business study and characteristics of successful online communities. Journal of Advertising Research, 50 (3), 232-239.
- Morozan, C., Enache, E., & Vechiu, C. (2009). Evolution of digital marketing.
- Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods: SAGE Publications, inc.
- Qiu, L., Lin, H., Leung, A. K., & Tov, W. (2012). Putting their best foot forward: Emotional disclosure on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(10), 569-572.
- Saura, J. R., Palos-Sanchez, P. R., & Correia, M. B. (2019). Digital marketing strategies based on the e-business model: Literature review and future directions. Organizational transformation and managing innovation in the fourth industrial revolution, 86-103.
- Sherbaniuk, P. (2014). Gale business insights handbook of social media marketing by Miranda Herbert Ferrara (Ed.). Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship, 19, 354-356. doi:10.1080/08963568.2014.914506
- Siddiqui, M. S., Siddiqui, U. A., Khan, M. A., Alkandi, I. G., Saxena, A. K., & Siddiqui, J. H. (2021). Creating electronic word of mouth credibility through social networking sites and determining its impact on brand image and online purchase intentions in India. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 1008-1024.
- Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of Word-of-Mouth Versus Traditional Marketing: Findings from an Internet Social Networking Site. Journal of Marketing, 73, 90-102.
- Tucker, C. E. (2014). Social networks, personalized advertising, and privacy controls. Journal of marketing research, 51(5), 546-562.
- Vițelar, A. (2019). Like me: Generation Z and the use of social media for personal branding. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(2), 257-268.
- Vollmer, C., & Precourt, G. (2008). Always on: Advertising, marketing, and media in an era of consumer control. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Yasmin, A., Tasneem, S., & Fatema, K. (2015). Effectiveness of digital marketing in the challenging age: An empirical study. International journal of management science and business administration, 1(5), 69-80.
- Yun, J. T., Pamuksuz, U., & Duff, B. R. (2019). Are we who we follow? Computationally analyzing human personality and brand following on Twitter. International Journal of Advertising, 38(5), 776-795.
- Istatistik, (2022). Yükseköğretim Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi. Available at: https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ (Accessed 10 March 2022).
- Mohsin, M. (2022). 10 Instagram Stats Every Marketer Should Know In 2022. Available at: https://www.oberlo.com/blog/instagram-stats-every-marketer-should-know (Accessed 7 August 2022).
- Statista, (2022). Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/183585/instagram-number-of-global-users/ (Accessed 10 March 2022).
- Studyinturkey, (2022). Available at: https://www.studyinturkey.gov.tr/StudyinTurkey/_PartStatistic (Accessed 10 March 2022).
- YÖK, (2022). Yükseköğretim Kurulu. Available at: https://www.yok.gov.tr/universiteler/universitelerimiz (Accessed 10 March 2022).