Factor Affecting Customer Preference to Use Shuttle Bus over High-Speed Train in Indonesia

: This paper investigates the factors affecting customer preference to choose a shuttle bus over a high-speed train (Whoosh) in Indonesia. The study is based on the theory of planned behavior and focuses on customer satisfaction, which is a primary determinant in the selection of public transport. The research collected data through interviews and surveys. The survey gathered information from 105 frequent travelers who choose shuttle bus as their main transportation mode and have experienced using high-speed trains. The findings showed that the factors affecting people to choose shuttle bus over high-speed train are availability, accessibility, duration, and comfort. The study provides insights into understanding customer preferences and helps build efficient strategies based on internal strengths and profitable opportunities.


Travel Cost
The monetary expense associated with using a particular mode of transportation to travel from one place to another The factors influencing mode of transportation choice will be incorporated as variables in the questionnaire distributed to current shuttle bus customers who are already experiencing Whoosh, addressing their perspectives regarding the shuttle bus and Whoosh.From the factor above, we build a theoretical framework for the behavior and intention of customers to use shuttle buses over Whoosh, as shown in Figure 1

B. Sampling
The intended population of this study is frequent traveller (at least once every 3 months) that already experiencing Whoosh but choose shuttle bus as their main transportation mode to go between Jakarta and Bandung.The data collection was performed using survey with the help of survey agency.The sample of this research is 105 people with the detail as shown in the Table 4 below.

C. Data analysis
The data analysis was done using pearson correlation and multiple regressions with the support of IBM SPSS.

A. Result
To analyze the correlation between variables, the researcher employed pearson correlation test.The result for pearson correlation among variable are shown in Table 5.The analysis shows that duration, accessibility, availability, price, safety, and comfort have strong correlation with preference (person correlation > 0.5).
To analyze the hypothesis, the researcher employed the multiple linear regression analysis at 95% confidence interval.The analysis showed a good model fit: F(6, 98)=30.492,P < 0.001, Adj R-square = 0.630 and R-square = 0.651.The analysis shows that availability had positive affect on customer intention to use shuttle bus over Whoosh (ꞵ=0.207,p-value=0.041).The analysis shows that comfort had positive affect on customer intention to use shuttle bus over Whoosh(ꞵ=0.177,p-value=0.049).The analysis shows that duration had positive affect on customer intention to use shuttle bus over Whoosh(ꞵ=0.235,p-value=0.002).The analysis shows that accessibility had positive affect on customer intention to use shuttle bus over Whoosh(ꞵ=0.

B. Managerial implications
The managerial implications of these findings are that shuttle bus companies should focus on the availability of seats and departure times, accessibility to the pick-up and drop-off points, the overall travel duration, and comfort of their service to attract more customers and maintain their market share.The factors that provide a competitive advantage for shuttle buses are the availability of departure times and the accessibility of their pick-up and drop-off points to the population.

CONCLUSION
This research has tried to test the factors that influence the intention to use a shuttle bus over Whoosh.Based on the data analysis, this research found that the strongest and most positive factors are accessibility, availability, comfort, and duration.Even though this research has generated interesting findings, we have addressed some limitations.First, we use an external survey agency; thus, the respondent is only people that have already been approached by the agency, and we do the survey based on the economic benefit that they receive.Second, this study only received 105 respondents, compared to the original target of 200.Although the number of respondents is enough for data analysis, the error is around 10%.More research with a higher number of respondents is needed to lower the error.Third, this study uses six variables as predictors.The R2 is at 65 percent.Price and safety have a strong correlation with preference, but there is no direct causation for preference.Hence, we predict that there are still other variables that affect behavior and intention.Based on the limitations, we recommend increasing the number of respondents and including other variables in future research.

Table 2 . Validity Test
When compared to Whoosh, the shuttle bus schedule can meet my travel schedule needs 0.601 ISSN:

2581-8341 Volume 07 Issue 05 May 2024 DOI: 10.47191/ijcsrr/V7-i5-07, Impact Factor: 7.943 IJCSRR @ 2024 www.ijcsrr.org 2479
* Corresponding Author: Prima Adiya Septianugraha Volume 07 Issue 05 May 2024 Available at: www.ijcsrr.orgPageNo. 2476-2484 I always get a shuttle bus seat for the scheduled departure I need compared to Whoosh -I feel like the flexibility of the shuttle bus makes me prefer the shuttle bus over The reliability of the variables was assessed based on the value of Cronbach α coefficient.Table 2 shows the coefficient of each variable.Based on Table 3, the Cronbach α coefficients range from 0.719 to 0.877.The values exceeds the recommended cut off value of 0.6, which means the reliability of each variables was confirmed (Hair et al., 2006; Lai and Chen, 2011; Malhotra, 2007; Sekaran and Bougie, 2010).2480 * Corresponding Author: Prima Adiya Septianugraha Volume 07 Issue 05 May 2024 Available at: www.ijcsrr.orgPage No. 2476-2484