Decision Analysis to Improve Company’s Time Utilization during Clove Harvest-Interval Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Situation Appraisal

: Indonesia is a country that has very diverse natural resources, one of which is spices. Various kinds of spices such as cloves, nutmeg, ginger, turmeric, candlenut, pepper, cinnamon, and vanilla are what make Indonesian spices known worldwide and contribute to the country's economy. Clove is a typical Indonesian spice originating from the Maluku islands (Ternate and Tidore). Currently, cloves have been cultivated in various regions in Indonesia, namely Java, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and others. Clove season in Indonesia occurs once or twice a year, namely from April to May and October to November. The farmers will harvest ripe clove flowers, then the clove flowers are dried in the sun and processed as raw materials for the production of cigarettes, cosmetics, and others. CV. Rempah Jaya is one of the leading and best clove suppliers in Indonesia. Especially variations of cloves such as whole cloves, clove oil, dried clove leaves, dried clove stems, and clove ash. Usually, the supply of cloves to the cigarette factory is held every few months in large quantities, so a lot of spare time is available before sending it to the factory. Therefore CV. Rempah Jaya needs the right work to be done when there is a time vacuum. The purpose of this study is to increase the time utilization of CV companies. Rempah Jaya during the clove harvest interval. In this study, a situation analysis was carried out using the Kepner-Tregoe method, then external and internal analysis was carried out using Mendelow's Matrix and SWOT Analysis methods. After that, root cause analysis was carried out using Ishikawa Diagram. Then the decision-making process is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. From the results of the AHP method, alternative values were obtained for the three available criteria, namely oil distillation, spice mixtures, and collaboration with the food and beverage industry with values of 0.64, 0.19,


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that has very diverse natural resources, one of which is spices. Various kinds of spices such as cloves, nutmeg, ginger, turmeric, candlenut, pepper, cinnamon, and vanilla are what make Indonesian spices known worldwide and contribute to the country's economy. Clove is a typical Indonesian spice originating from the Maluku islands (Ternate and Tidore). Cloves have also been a very popular and expensive spice in Europe, the price is almost the same as a bar of gold at the time of the Portuguese to the Maluku islands. Currently, cloves have been cultivated in various regions in Indonesia, namely Java, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and others. Clove season in Indonesia occurs once or twice a year, namely from April to May and October to November. The farmers will harvest ripe clove flowers, then the clove flowers are dried in the sun and processed as raw materials for the production of cigarettes, cosmetics, and others. The following is clove production data for 2017-2021.  Figure 1.2, it is also known that there are two types of cloves in Indonesia, namely Lal Pari and Zanzibar. Based on the article "Clove Harvest Season Blessings for Clove Pickers" it is known that clove harvest is very dependent on soil, weather, seeding, and clove tree care. So special treatment is needed from clove farmers to produce high-quality clove flowers. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, clove is a native plant originating from Indonesia and is locally used as raw material for kretek cigarettes. In addition to being used as a raw material for cigarettes, cloves can also be processed into clove oil which is broken down into various chemical compounds as shown in Figure 1   3 is the processing of clove commodities and their derivatives, it can be seen that the parts of the clove tree can be used for several industries, namely as raw materials for cigarettes, cooking spices, and also processed into chemical compounds used for various industries. Therefore, clove commodities can meet various industrial needs in the world.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The Kepner-Tregoe (KT) method is a framework used to help a person or a team analyze and identify a problem, and develop a solution to the problem. According to Kepner and Tregoe, there are main steps used in the KT method, Situation Analysis / Problem, Problem Decision Analysis, Potential Problem Analysis, and Decision Analysis. At this stage, an evaluation of the criteria used in decision-making will be carried out, then an assessment of each available solution will be carried out. .

PA-1
Does the situation require an explanation?

PA-2
Is there a deviation?

PA-3
Is the cause unknown?

PA-4
Do I need to know the cause?

DA-1
Does a choice need to be made?

DA-2
Do objectives need to be set to undertake some activity?

PPA-1
Has a decision been made but not yet implemented?

PPA-2
Is it necessary to act now to avoid possible future trouble?

PPA-3
Does a plan need to be made to safeguard some decisions for future activity? the question. For example, in C1, or the first concern of the PA and PPA category questions, there is the word "No", while in the question category "DA" all questions are answered "Yes". So that the solution of concern C1 is DA or Decision Analysis using the AHP method. After knowing the various problems and solutions using the KT method, a selection of concerns was made that would be raised as the main problems in the research conducted. From the KT method, it can be concluded that the first concern, or C1 is a concern that will be carried out further research, namely determining choices regarding additional work to increase time utilization on the CV. Spice Jaya. After that, design is carried out for the implementation of the results of the solution obtained and control of the implementation. Mendelow's Matrix is a tool used to analyze and identify stakeholders in an organization or company. SWOT Analysis is a method used to evaluate a company based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The purpose of SWOT Analysis is to examine various entities in an organization both internally and externally. The Ishikawa diagram, also known as the fishbone diagram, is a tool used to analyze the root cause of a problem that occurs in an organization. Ishikawa diagrams also help to visualize the influential aspects that caused the problem to occur. In the Ishikawa diagram, there is a main problem placed in the "fish head" section which consists of various factors and sub-factors.  Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a method of decision-making based on criteria considered to evaluate available alternatives quantitatively, namely by using weights for each criterion or sub-criteria. This is so that decision-makers can make the right decisions. Analytical Hierarchy Process is an MCDM method used to solve problems in an organization by combining the assessment criteria used subjectively and objectively. AHP also assesses qualitative and quantitative factors and assesses between criteria and alternatives used in decision-making.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design is used to see the flow of research carried out to solve business problems through various stages and methods used. The research begins with conducting a situation analysis to obtain various problems that occur in the CV. Rempah Jaya. To identify various problems on the CV. Rempah Jaya carried out the Situational Appraisal (SA) method using the Kepner Tregoe (KT) tool as its approach. In analyzing using the KT method, concerns are identified, separated concerns into several concerns, ranked each concern, and provided solutions for each concern. From several concerns obtained, one concern will be selected that will continue to be a business problem. After knowing the business problem to be solved, internal and external analysis is carried out to find out what stakeholders are related to the company and the identity of the company itself. Internal and External analysis is carried out using Mendelow's Matrix and SWOT Analysis methods. After that, root-cause analysis is carried out using Ishikawa Diagram to find out the root problem of the business problem determined earlier. After knowing the root of the problem, a solution will be found by taking the necessary data, the data collection consists of two sources, namely primary and secondary. Primary data is obtained from the results of focus group discussions and surveys on the CV. Rempah Jaya and secondary data were obtained from literature and journals that had previously discussed problems that were almost the same as the problems faced by the company today. After taking primary and secondary data related to the company's problems, data analysis is carried out to ensure that the data used is suitable for processing. If the data does not match, the data retrieval process will be carried out. Furthermore, the criteria used in decision-making will be identified. These criteria are obtained from the results of primary data collection, namely conducting FGD with stakeholder CV. Rempah Jaya to find out the right criteria related to making additional work decisions. After knowing the criteria and sub-criteria used in decision-making, an analysis or decision-making process is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. From the AHP Method, an alternative ranking will be produced which is the best alternative among other alternatives. These alternative results will be used as a solution to business problems CV. Rempah Jaya. After answering the problem of business solutions from the AHP method, planning will be carried out to implement these business solutions by CV. Rempah Jaya. The implementation plan will be given to the decision maker to be applied to the CV. Rempah Jaya, then the company can provide feedback regarding the implementation plan that has been designed. With this completed research is done and the CV. Rempah Jaya is expected to receive a positive impact from the implementation plan that has been prepared.

DATA COLLECTION
The data retrieval process is classified into two categories, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is data taken by interviews, surveys, and FGDs related to resource persons who have broad insight into the clove commodity business. While secondary data is data taken from journals, books, and news. The first process carried out is to first collect secondary data in the form of research journals related to CV problems. Rempah Jaya at this time. The goal is to collect data related to the criteria and alternatives used to be applied to this study. Furthermore, it will be explained primary data collection carried out by conducting a Focused Group Discussion (FGD) on stakeholders who influence the company. The secondary data obtained previously became one of the basic topics in conducting FGDs with the participants. The goal is that in the FGD, the topics discussed are to find out alternatives that can be applied to CV. Rempah Jaya as well as the criteria used in decision-making. According to Peter and Suzanna (2017), FGD is a data collection method that involves a group consisting of certain members to obtain in-depth information. The purpose of conducting FGD in data collection carried out is to obtain information related to criteria and alternatives used to make decisions related to problems in CV. Rempah Jaya. Table 3.2 represents participants related to the FGD conducted. Participant and Owner of a clove buying and selling business that has been operating for more than 20 years At this stage, the FGD was carried out with several groups, first namely Kevin Kegan as moderator, and Mr. Joni Tedi, and Mrs. Lily Muliaty as participants. In this first group, FGD was carried out to find out the criteria used in decision-making and alternatives available internally by the company, this is because both party's participants are internal stakeholders who have the highest positions and decision-makers in CV. Rempah Jaya. In the second group, FGD consisted of Kevin Kegan as moderator, Muhammad Nur Azzis, and Yani Mulyani as managers in the company who had roles as production and marketing managers in the company. From the second group, FGD was carried out to find out additional criteria and alternatives from the middle and lower levels in CV. Rempah Jaya. Then the third group consisted of Kevin Kegan as moderator and Steven Sanjaya and Budi Setiawan as participants. FGD in the third group is carried out to find out the criteria and alternatives available according to external parties outside the company. In addition to seeking additional information, reconfirmation of criteria and alternatives that have been carried out previously with external parties is also carried out.
After that, it will be explained data analysis from taking comparative value data for criteria and alternatives using surveys. The survey was filled out by three people each, namely Mr. Joni, Mrs. Lily, and Kevin Kegan because these three people are decisionmakers in CV. Rempah Jaya. Therefore, a survey is filled out by the decision maker related to the assessment of the comparison of criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives used in decision-making. The process of filling out the survey is directly accompanied by the author so that the resource person who fills in can understand and know how to fill in, the definition of each criterion and alternative, and the meaning of the scale given. After filling in the comparison value by three speakers who participated as decision-makers in the CV. Rempah Jaya, there is a discrepancy between resource persons regarding the selection of criteria or alternatives chosen. As Table 3.3 Kevin Kegan and Lily prefer the Return On Investment criterion compared to Expected Cost with a rating of 7 and 3, while Joni Tedy chooses the expected cost criterion compared to Return On Investment with a rating of 9. This causes invalid data to be continued as input in the data processing process. Therefore, a reassessment was carried out by filling out a survey by three decision-makers (Kevin Kegan, Joni Tedy, and Lily) simultaneously. During the process of filling in the comparison value, fellow decision-makers can give opinions and praise to compare the selected criteria and the rating value set. So that the assessment results obtained from the filling become valid and can be used as input for data processing.

ANALYSIS
After knowing the main needs in the CV. Rempah Jaya is increasing time utilization during the clove harvest interval by choosing additional work, a decision-making process related to the additional work is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In the AHP method, several inputs are needed, namely, the criteria used, available alternatives, and decision-makers who play a role in determining the value of pairwise comparisons for criteria and alternatives used in decision-making. Furthermore, it will be explained the development of criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives used in decision-making in CV. Rempah Jaya. The criteria and alternatives used in decision-making are developed through FGDs with stakeholders conducted interviews contained in Table 3.2 and also literature in the form of journals that support related criteria and alternatives used in decision-making in industries that use spices. The literature is found in Table 3.1. After developing the criteria and alternatives available, the following is an explanation of the criteria and sub-criteria used in decision-making in CV. Rempah Jaya. The percentage of profit obtained after deducting the costs incurred on a project or activity to be carried out.

Target Market
Characteristics of consumers who are seen to need the product or service to be offered.

Market Growth
The rate of change in the number of sales that occur in one year related to the project or investment made.

Operational Skills
The level of ability required by workers to perform work related to projects or investments made

Work Experience
The length of time it takes for someone to work on a project or activity to be carried out In Table 4.1 there are three main criteria, namely profit potential, market conditions, and HR skills. The profit potential criterion has two sub-criteria, namely expected cost and return on investment. In the expected cost sub-criterion, the greater the value of the cost required for a job or project, the less attractive it is for a CV. Rempah Jaya to choose the project. As for the return on investment sub-criterion, the greater the percentage of ROI obtained on a job, the more attractive it is for CVs. Rempah Jaya to choose the job. Then the market conditions criteria have two sub-criteria, namely target market and market growth. In the target market sub-criteria, the clearer the intended target market, the more attractive the job is for a CV. Rempah Jaya. As for the market growth sub-criteria, the more sales increase in one year related to additional work, the more attractive it is for a CV. Rempah Jaya. Then for HR skills criteria, there are two sub-criteria, namely operational skills and work experience. For the operational skills sub-criterion the greater the skills required related to additional work, the less attractive the CV. Rempah Jaya. As for the work experience sub-criteria, the more experience the worker has in doing additional related work, the more attractive it is to the CV. Rempah Jaya to hire the worker.
According to Saaty (1980), alternatives to the MCDM method are choices or options used in decision-making. Based on the data collection that has been done, three alternatives can be developed by CV. Rempah Jaya to increase time utilization during the clove harvest interval. Pada Table 4.2 merupakan hasil yang diperoleh untuk setiap alternatif berdasarkan kriteria dan sub kriteria yang digunakan. After taking data carried out in Chapter 3 related to pairwise comparison assessment for criteria and sub-criteria used in decision making, a matrix was obtained for each criterion and sub-criteria used as follows.       .4 is the result of data processing to determine the weight value and priority of the three criteria used. The priority order of criteria is based on the largest weighted value, namely market conditions, profit potential, and HR skills with values of 0.65, 0.28, and 0.07. Then it can also be known that the inconsistency value of 0.06 means that the weighting results with related comparative assessments have an inconsistency level of 6% or a consistency level of 94%. To input the comparison value of sub-criteria and alternatives, the same filling system is carried out by entering the comparison value obtained from the matrix comparison results obtained earlier. Furthermore, it will be explained the results of weighting between profit potential sub-criteria.  Then it can also be known the inconsistency value of 0. This is because the comparison is carried out only for two sub-criteria that cause no errors in making comparisons. Furthermore, it will be explained the results of weighting between market conditions sub-criteria.                .13 is the result of data processing to determine the weight value and priority of the three alternatives used based on the work experience sub-criteria. Alternative priority order based on the largest weight value is a collaboration with FnB industry, spice mixer, and oil distillation with values of 0.73, 0.17, and 0.10. Then it can also be known that the inconsistency value of 0.03 means that the weighting results with related comparative assessments have an inconsistency level of 3% or a consistency level of 97%. After knowing the priorities and weights obtained for each comparison made, a priority search is carried out from all criteria and sub-criteria used in decision-making. It aims to find out which sub-criteria or criteria are the most influential or look for subcriteria that are less influential in making decisions.

Figure 20. Priority Criteria and Sub Criteria
In Figure 4.14 it can be seen that the most influential criterion in decision-making is market conditions with a value of 0.65, the criterion that is less influential in decision-making is HR skills with a value of 0.07. An easy way to comply with the conference paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it. Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman or Times New Roman may be used. After knowing the weighting process and priority for each criterion and sub-criteria used in the AHP method, then a ranking of alternatives is determined based on the score obtained.   based on the largest point, namely the oil distillation alternative with a normal value of 0.64, followed by the spice mixture alternative and collaboration with the FnB industry with a normal value of 0.19 and 0.17. From these results, it can be concluded that additional work is most appropriate to be applied by CV. Rempah Jaya is an alternative to oil distillation.

BUSINESS SOLUTION
This chapter will be explained business solutions related to research questions from the research conducted. To improve time utilization during clove harvest interval, CV. Rempah Jaya can distillate clove oil. This is based on the results of decision-making for three alternative pieces which are additional jobs that can be a CV. Rempah Jaya was developed by distilling clove oil, mixing spices, and collaborating with the food and beverage industry. Of the three alternatives, it is obtained that the alternative of distilling clove oil is the best alternative that can CV. Rempah Jaya choose. In making decisions CV. Rempah Jaya carried out developments related to criteria and sub-criteria. There are three criteria used by CV. Rempah Jaya in making decisions, namely potential profit, market conditions, and HR skills. Each of these criteria has two sub-criteria, the profit potential criterion has two sub-criteria, namely expected cost and return on investment. Furthermore, the market conditions criteria have two sub-criteria, namely target market and market growth, then the HR skills criteria have two sub-criteria, namely operational skills and work experience. These criteria and sub-criteria are used in decision-making to increase time utilization during the clove harvest interval. To implement the solutions that have been obtained, implementation planning is carried out related to selected alternatives, namely oil distillation on the CV. Rempah Jaya. The implementation plan will discuss the objectives, run-down tasks, people responsible for each task (PIC), and the time. This is so that the solutions provided can have a positive impact on the CV. Rempah Jaya. Figure 22. Implementation Plan Clove Oil Distillation Figure 4.16 is an implementation plan for the application of clove oil distillation in CV. Rempah Jaya. There are four objectives of the implementation plan, namely developing the paper product line, essential oil from cloves, using the remaining production raw materials, clove leaves and handles to be processed into essential oil, building relationships with factories that need clove leaf essential oil, and creating company profiles as company portfolios so that factories/buyers can easily make contact with CV. Rempah Jaya. Each objective is described in detail about what activities will be carried out and targets to be achieved and each activity will have a party responsible for completing it. Then there is the yellow and green period. Yellow indicates that the activity is being carried out and has not been completed, while green indicates that the activity is complete.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
Based on the results of data analysis conducted using the AHP method, it can be concluded that the business problem CV. Rempah Jaya wants to increase the utilization of time when the clove harvest interval can be completed by distilling clove oil. Clove oil distillation is the chosen alternative based on data processing carried out in Chapter IV. In data processing, the load value for clove oil distillation is greater than the other two alternatives, which is 0.63 compared to the weight value for spice mixture alternatives