Structural Elements of Pashto Radio Drama

: Drama is, after all, an ancient art form that extends back to the earliest centuries of human history. There has been some discussion regarding the antiquity of the drama's origin. There are distinct forms for this genre, including stage, radio, television, one-act, and interactive dramas. In this case, the radio drama is the one that is broadcast, and each character and actor presents a scene, which is recorded in the studio and then broadcast for the audience to hear. It represents events that can only be conveyed audibly. In the structural elements, the narrative and design serve as the drama's foundation, while the story and incident serve as the drama's building blocks. It has both primary and secondary characters, without which the drama could not exist, as they give the plot motion. It is a dialogue that leads to additional dialogue between the actors. Sound effect creates sound effects and results, is a picture of time and location that relates to both, and is a crucial element of drama. It also features effective music and music, which play a significant role in comedy and tragedy-themed dramas and multiply the flavour and colour. Actors and actresses are responsible for ensuring that, with Hamdi's assistance, the narrative progresses and ends with a message that inspires positive behavioural change and elicits strong emotions.


INTRODUCTION
Drama and performance art constitute an excellent and pleasurable subgenre of artistic literature that has been a societal norm and tradition since antiquity. This allegorical and dramatic art appears in a variety of forms with various types and facets; a series of materials and elements were chosen for the structure of these types in the modern era and on the stage, and we have attempted to identify them in this article. In order to cast some light on the structural elements of the radio drama, this explains why there was a dearth of regular work in this genre. On the basis of this number, we decided to discuss and address each of these factors to the best of our ability.
The aims of the investigation -Examining the artistry and influence of radio drama. Examining and dissecting each and every component of the radio drama. During the creation of radio dramas, the author was instructed in the techniques and art of utilising each element appropriately.

Research topics
-What is radio drama among the various forms of drama? -What impact and value does radio drama have? -What elements and materials comprise the structure of radio drama, and why is this significant?
What is the plot of the drama? Drama is an ancient, representative art form and genre whose history dates back to the earliest centuries of human existence. Numerous theories have been presented regarding the origin of drama. In the second decade of the twentieth century, this aesthetic genre shifted from Urdu to Pashto language and literature. Regarding the preface, it is written as follows: (Drama is not excluded from the Greek language's appeal. Draw is both an action and a verb in Greek. Drama and action are associated with one another. (Reza, 1990: 7 page) In another introduction to drama, the following is written: ((Drama is a figurative art form that evokes emotions and sentiments through movement, language, and colour)) (Azmon, 2018, p. 213) In drama, various life experiences are depicted in the elegant attire of art. Drama is the most efficient and effective method to communicate a goal. The drama depicts a variety of facets of life, and each scene and moment is presented with the aid of a parable. Thus, the drama's thematic elements are extremely diverse.

Types of drama based on their structure
Drama is essentially a living narrative in which emotions are communicated through movement and representation. According to its structural makeup, the following types of drama exist: A dramatic production 2. Radio drama 3. TV drama A dramatic combat film 5. Intercut drama (Hashmi, 2009: p. 199) We are not discussing other types of drama here; rather, we are discussing only radio drama and its structural materials and elements, as radio drama is, like other dramas, a beautiful and charming hybrid artistic literature genre. Radio drama: This is a drama that is broadcast on the radio using airwaves, in which the events that are narrated with a voice can be interpreted, and in which each character and actor performs their assigned role. Audience members use their senses to hear it. The effectiveness of the radio drama is dependent on the producer or director and the drama's subliminal message. This is because the director or producer must convey the drama so that the audience believes they are experiencing it firsthand. In another location, the radio drama is described as follows: (It is not a radio drama, but it can be seen and not viewed, like a stage play or a television drama. It relates exclusively to broadcasting and hearing. This distinguishes it from all other varieties. Here, dialogue is of utmost importance, and all movements are conveyed to the listener's mind and thoughts through music; they are portrayed in his imagination. It transcends time and space. be unrestricted because the author can publish his drama in multiple time periods. Because he has given new directions to the genre of radio drama, he is able to present in it the events and sequences he cannot depict on stage. (Rashid 2016, page 46) The following is yet another introduction: ((A radio drama is one that is written to be transmitted on the radio and in which each character performs his role; it is recorded in the studio and broadcast via radio waves; and it is listened to by the audience. Listen. In the radio drama, only those events that can be conveyed solely through sound are selected.) (Hashmi, 2003: p. 41) Now we will discuss our primary topic. When we consider it, the structural materials and elements of radio dramas are identical to those of other narrative literature; however, the type and quantity of these materials, the value of these materials, and the technical technique are significantly different from those of other narrative literature. Let's take a look at a few of these essential and crucial items and components: Every drama should have a sweet and engaging plot because drama is the first original tale, and the more closely it resembles human nature and life, the more enjoyable the drama. (Yes! Without the story, it is impossible to structure and reconstruct the drama; however, in the drama, more so than in the novel and short story, the plot is advanced by dialogues and characters. This story begins, middle, and ends and it has a conclusion. (Hashmi, 2007: p. 199). When writing a radio drama, the author must first consider a good theme and theme, one that is both new and fresh and will disclose a beautiful story. If it is unacceptable, the author should not squander his audience's time. The initiative of the author is crucial in determining the theme, as the theme determines the structure and organisation of the play. In consideration of this principle, the playwright should select a subject with a delightful thematic aspect and create a story that is full of flavour and artistic innovation for the audience. It refers to the order, sequence, and sequence of events in dramatic stories. This premise is the basis of the drama. The foundation or narrative is so tightly woven that it can be destroyed with a single word. Therefore, brevity is highly valued in Adana. In another context, the plot is described as follows: (The plot is the arrangement and arrangement of events and events that the playwright creates in advance, and it is the writer's responsibility to give these events an appropriate progression. To provide a logical adjustment and agreement as to which event precedes and which follows or which occurs after. In order to increase the reader's interest in the play and make it more appealing, the author of a play will sometimes disclose the outcome of an event beforehand. Describe the incident to be reached. Instead of the protagonist and actor, the drama's composer will be illustrated. As a result, music can give the listener a reason to ponder by establishing an ambiance, illustrating the passage of time, and providing structure to events. 1380L: p. 87) 8. Actors and Actors Since this section focuses on the structural elements of radio drama, the role of actors and actors can be viewed as an essential and crucial component. View this opinion regarding it: ((Radio drama is only an object of hearing; it has nothing to do with the eyes or vision. However, in stage and television dramas, visual and auditory forces assist each other, and the defect of each part is magnified. It is comprehensive, but in radio dramas, scenes, spring, treasure, hail, storm, heat, ice, good, and evil are all related to words and sounds. As a result of hearing the sound effects and actors' dialogue, the mind forms an image of these objects. This is also why radio dramas are adapted for the stage. It requires more intelligence, effort, and agony than the drama. In radio drama, the actors play the same role as the writer; this is the reason why some dramas are weak, but if they are portrayed by talented actors, the drama will be of high quality. However, the mental ability and experience of the playwright are of particular significance. Indeed, the actors' artistic movements, movements, and artistic perfection can give a dramatic effect a moving personality. This makes it more appealing. (Whenever a playwright considers composing a play, he must also consider the actors and actresses who will perform it.) 9. Message: Numerous individuals can benefit from radio dramas that effectively communicate a message or concept. The primary function of radio drama is to communicate a message. The intent of the message is to effect positive behavioural change in the recipients. Behaviour modification is not a straightforward task that can be accomplished through words and advice alone. No one will accept a fictitious or illogical message, so we must adhere to all the necessary standards for communicating a message in a drama, and we must pay close attention to the fact that the message must be logical. Unless the message of the radio drama is consistent with the culture, culture, national, and social values of the society, all controversies will be eradicated.

CONCLUSION
As a result of this topic, drama is an ancient form of representational art whose origins begin with human existence. The invention and origin of drama are ancient. There are numerous variations of this genre, including stage, radio, television, one-act, and interactive drama. In this case, the radio drama is the one that is recorded in a studio and broadcast over the air using a radio. Story and design are crucial structural elements without which the structure and reconstruction of a drama would be impossible. The narrative is the sequence of events in this case. The primary and supporting characters are played by the same actor. The dialogue depicts the conversation between two individuals, which discloses their condition and emotions. Equal to the sound and effect is the auditory effect. Painting time and space has its own value, but requires accuracy. In a radio drama, effective music enhances the drama's impact, but this music and music should be pertinent to the scene; for example, if you wish to portray a tragic scene, you should release tragic music that corresponds to the situation. The impact of the tragic scenario will be significantly more positive. Actors and actresses must also assume their respective roles. The drama's message can also bring about a positive transformation in people's behaviour and instill compassion and emotion in their hearts.