Current Situation on the Management of Educating Body Safety Skills for Children Aged 5-6 Years Old at Preschools in Hanoi

: This article focuses on providing an analysis of the current situation of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools in Hanoi. The research results demonstrate that, despite variations in the assessment from administrators and teachers, the management of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools is, on the whole, being carried out to a satisfactory level. Nonetheless, the research findings indicate that the implementation of management content in this domain still lacks periodic comparison, contrast, review, supplementation, and adjustment of educational programs. Additionally, the criteria for evaluating the quality of educational methods, managing and assessing the teaching practices of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children, and the collection of feedback from parents regarding the practice of physical safety in the family and society are not at an optimal level. These research results are essential for the key management subjects involved in the implementation of body safety education activities for 5-6-year-old children at preschools. They offer an empirical basis for identifying suitable and effective management measures to enhance the quality of body safety education for 5-6-year-old children at preschools in Hanoi during the current phase.


INTRODUCTION
Irrespective of the historical epoch or the societal context, life skills have invariably constituted the keys to enabling individuals to adjust to their environment, pursue academic studies, and secure employment opportunities.These skills are of even greater significance in contemporary society, characterized by a fast-paced lifestyle, a hectic work schedule, and an intensely competitive environment.In essence, life skills represent a repertoire of competencies that individuals need to leverage in diverse contexts, ranging from interpersonal relationships to personal development, and spanning throughout the entirety of their lifespan.
The 5-6 age group represents a crucial phase in the educational journey of preschoolers, who are transitioning from playful activities to a more formalized approach to learning in primary school.Given their inherent immaturity, physical underdevelopment, curiosity, hyperactivity, and an insatiable appetite for exploration and discovery, children in this age group are particularly vulnerable to a range of risks, including accidents, injuries, labor abuse, sexual abuse, kidnapping, among others.In light of these hazards, preschools need to prioritize the development of body safety skills in 5-6-year-olds, empowering them to identify and select appropriate responses to threats and challenges that may arise and may even endanger their lives.Consequently, teaching body safety skills to preschoolers, especially those in the 5-6 age group, is an indispensable undertaking for schools involved in educational activities aimed at safeguarding children's well-being.
Efficient management and education of physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools is a prerequisite for ensuring the well-being of young individuals, their families, and society as a whole.Proper management of the educational process encompassing goals, plans, program content, teaching methodologies, facilities, and personnel involved holds the promise of achieving high educational outcomes.Therefore, this article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the management and education of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in kindergartens located in Hanoi, Vietnam.An accurate assessment of this situation will serve as a foundation for proposing effective solutions that can improve the management and education of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools in Hanoi, Vietnam.
The effective education of physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children is crucial for promoting the well-being of the individual, their family, and society as a whole.As such, the management and education of safety skills for children in preschools is a fundamental endeavor.Proper management of various elements of the educational process, such as goals, plans, program content, teaching methods, forms, facilities, and personnel involved, is essential for achieving optimal educational outcomes.Through effective management practices, high levels of educational efficiency can be achieved.
Thus, the study aims to conduct an analysis of the current management and education practices related to body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools located in Hanoi, Vietnam.The study intends to provide an accurate assessment of the current situation, which will serve as a foundation for the formulation of effective solutions to improve the education management and body safety skills of young children attending preschools in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Research area:
The author focuses on surveying administrators, teachers and parents of students in 10 districts of Hanoi, including: Hoan Kiem district, Hai Ba Trung district, Dong Da district, Tay Ho district, district Cau Giay; Hoai Duc district, Quoc Oai district, Thanh Oai district.The table reveals that the majority of preschool administrators who participated in the survey were aged over 30 years and possessed work experience of 5 years or more.The educational qualifications of these managers indicated that 61% held university degrees, while 32% possessed post-graduate degrees.These qualifications were found to meet or exceed the standards stipulated in the Kindergarten Charter No. 52/2020/TT-BGDĐT issued by the Ministry of Education and Training.

Research participants:
Regarding the teaching staff, the majority of them exceed 30 years of age, and their working seniority surpasses 5 years, amounting to 95%.89% of the teaching staff are at a university level, while 4% possess a graduate degree, and only 7% hold a degree from a pedagogical college.It is noteworthy that the educational qualifications of the preschool teachers meet the required standards, with most of them even surpassing the current regulations.

Methods of surveying the situation:
The main method used in this study is by using questionnaire, and the data obtained from this method are processed by the statistical software SPSS 20.0.The results of the survey have been presented in Table 1, revealing that the overall average score of the overarching goal of physical safety education for 5-6 year old children is 3.74, signifying an adequate level.This serves as empirical evidence that the management personnel at the investigated preschools have undertaken a considerable number of measures in regulating educational activities within the institution, including planning, organizing, directing, monitoring, and assessing the objectives related to physical safety education for children aged 5-6.Of the five aspects evaluated in this management content, " Organize and implement thoroughly the objectives of teaching physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children to all school administrators and teachers" and " Devise a plan aimed at the implementation of the objectives of teaching physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children, which will be disseminated to school administrators and teacher" exhibit a relatively higher average score of 3.81 and 3.76, respectively, compared to other aspects.This finding confirms that the individual responsible for managing this educational activity at the investigated preschools has demonstrated a commendable level of proficiency in formulating a comprehensive plan for implementing the objective of body safety education for 5-6 year old children, and ensuring its effective implementation across all administrative and teaching personnel.This constitutes a crucial foundation for the efficacious management of this educational initiative in the present epoch.
Furthermore, it is imperative for preschools to accord greater attention to the activities of providing guidance and promoting appropriate educational motivations and attitudes for teachers who are directly involved in educating 5-6-year-old children on body safety skills in schools.Additionally, consistent evaluation and monitoring of the implementation of the objective of body safety education for 5-6 year old children within the school premises is necessary.In particular, the aspect of " Direct the adjustment of educational programs on body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in accordance with the established objectives at schools" warrants special consideration, as it exhibits the lowest average score among the target management contents pertaining to the education of young children on skills to protect their bodies (average score = 3.70).
A comparison of the evaluations provided by administrators and teachers regarding the degree of implementation of the management objectives of physical safety education for 5-6 year old children reveals that the latter appraise the implementation of the target management content to a lower extent than administrators.Specifically, with respect to the aspects of "Devise a plan aimed at the implementation of the objectives of teaching physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children, which will be disseminated to school administrators and teacher" (t=-3.04;p=0.003), "Provide guidance and promote appropriate educational motivations and attitudes for teachers who are directly involved in educating 5-6-year-old children on body safety skills in schools" (t=-3.15;p=0.002), " Assess and monitor the implementation of the objectives of teaching physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in schools" (t=-2.87;p=0.004), and " Direct the adjustment of educational programs on body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in accordance with the established objectives at schools" (t=-2.46;p=0.014), teachers exhibit comparatively lower average scores.Based on the data table, the overall average score of managing the educational programs for teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools is 3.75, indicating a noteworthy level of achievement.This study enables the conclusion to be drawn that the individuals responsible for managing this educational activity at the analyzed preschools have made significant progress in all areas of this management content, including "Develop educational contents and programs", "Regularly review, supplement and adjust the educational contents and programs", "Devise a plan to develop the educational contents and programs", and "Periodically inspect and evaluate the implementation of the educational contents and programs" on body safety skills for 5-6 year olds at preschools.

The current situation of managing the educational programs for teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools in Hanoi
Among the six aspects considered in this management content, the highest-rated aspect, as assessed by both administrators and teachers, is " Develop educational contents and programs on body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools" with an average score of 3.90.
The aspect that received the lowest average score in the assessment of administrators and teachers is "Periodically inspect and evaluate the implementation of the educational contents and programs on body safety skills for 5-6 year olds at preschools" with an average score of 3.60.These results indicate that those responsible for managing this educational content in the examined preschools need to give more attention to regularly inspecting and evaluating the implementation of the educational contents and programs on body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children.
Upon comparing the assessment of administrators and teachers regarding the implementation level of managing the educational contents and programs on body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children, a statistically significant difference was observed.Specifically, the assessment of administrators and teachers on the aspect of "Periodically compare and contrast the educational contents and programs on body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools" showed a significant difference.Notably, teachers evaluated the implementation level of this management content to be lower than that of administrators (t=-2.68;p=0.008).Based on the presented data table, it can be observed that the overall average score for managing the organizational form of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children is 3.82, indicating a commendable level of performance.Evaluation by management staff and teachers suggests that public preschools have demonstrated considerable proficiency in various aspects of body safety education, notably in "developing tailored educational plans for 5-6-year-old children, aligning teaching methodologies with the individual needs and contextual factors of each child and school", and "directing the adjustment of the form of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in accordance with the needs and conditions of the school and of 5-6-year-old children".

The current situation of managing the organizational form of teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools in Hanoi
Nonetheless, the third criterion pertaining to "Testing and evaluating the use of physical safety education for 5-6-year-old children" received a comparatively low rating by management staff and teachers, with an overall average of 3.58 at a medium level.This outcome highlights the need for more frequent and effective monitoring and assessment of the application of physical safety education for 5-6-year-olds.As such, the school ought to consider making appropriate modifications to the instructional design to enhance the efficacy of teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-olds.
Regarding the discrepancy in ratings between administrators and teachers concerning the level of implementation of this management content, the data analysis indicates a statistically significant difference in the assessment of the third criterion.Specifically, teachers tended to evaluate the level of implementation of management content less positively than management staff in relation to testing and evaluating the use of body safety education for 5-6-year-old children, as indicated by a t-value of -2.06 and a p-value of 0.01.Based on the results presented in the data table, it is evident that the overall average score for the management of physical safety education methods aimed at children aged 5-6 years is rated at a commendable level of 3.82.The evaluation conducted by administrators and teachers revealed that public preschools performed remarkably well in several aspects, including the planning of the method of teaching for body safety skills suitable for 5-6-year-old children, in line with the teaching objectives of each lesson or course, which was ranked highest.Additionally, these educational institutions have shown exceptional proficiency in the planning of the method of teaching for body safety skills suitable for 5-6-year-old children, in line with the teaching objectives of each lesson or course.

The current situation of managing the organization methods of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools in Hanoi city
However, the assessment conducted by administrators and teachers also indicated that the criteria for "Developing criteria for assessing the quality of the method of educating children on body safety skills for 5-6 years old" and " Direct the adjustment of methods of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools according to the set goals" received the lowest average ranking.Hence, it is recommended that more attention be paid to these areas to improve the effectiveness of teaching physical safety skills to young children.
When conducting a comparative analysis of the evaluations provided by administrators and teachers regarding the extent of implementation of the management content associated with the pedagogical approach to teaching physical safety skills for 5-6-yearold children, it was determined that a statistically significant difference exists between the assessments of administrators and teachers regarding the level of implementation of this management content at preschools.In this context, it was found that teachers provided lower evaluations regarding the level of implementation of the management content than the administrators, including the aspects of "Directing the training for teachers about methods of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in accordance with the content, form and learning capacity of the child" (t=-2.42,p=0.016); "Supervising the development and implementation of methods of educating body safety skills for 5-6 year old children at preschools" (t=-2.76;p=0.006); "Directing the adjustment of methods of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools according to the set goals" (t=-2.79;p=0.006), and "Supporting and advising teachers on methods of teaching physical safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools" (t=-2.14;p=0.033).According to the survey results, the overall average score for the implementation of managing the teachers in charge of educating body safety skills for 5-6 year old children at preschools is 3.79, which is at a moderate level.

Current situation of managing teachers in charge of educating body safety skills for 5-6 year old children at preschools in Hanoi city
Criteria 1, 2, and 5 were evaluated by the school administrators and teachers with high average scores, indicating that public preschools have performed well in "directing teachers and specialized personnel to fully understand the curriculum distribution and component skills of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools in accordance with regulations"; "directing teachers to develop an education plan for teaching body safety skills to 5-6-year-old children at preschools in accordance with the curriculum distribution"; and "reviewing and verifying the plans for teaching body safety skills to 5-6-year-old children at preschools, in accordance with the curriculum distribution".
However, criteria 3 and 4 had relatively low average scores according to the evaluations of school administrators and teachers, moderately close to the average level.This indicates that public preschools need to pay more attention to "Developing and publicly disclosing a general plan for teaching body safety skills to 5-6-year-old children at preschools", as well as to "Regulating the quantity and quality of the professional records of teachers and education specialists in the teaching of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools, in accordance with the curriculum distribution".
Criterion 3 shows a statistically significant difference in the evaluations of school administrators and teachers regarding the implementation of regulations on the quantity and quality of the professional records of teachers and education specialists in the teaching of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools, in accordance with the curriculum distribution.Specifically, teachers gave lower scores than school administrators on this issue (t=-3.35,p=0.001).According to survey results, the overall average score for managing the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in preschools, as assessed by school administrators and teachers, is 3.84, which indicates a satisfactory level of performance.

Current situation of managing the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for children at preschools in Hanoi
The evaluation results reveal that the following aspects have been implemented quite well by public preschools: "Manage the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for 5-6 year old children during classroom hours and experiential learning sessions, with a focus on pedagogical approaches and cultivating body safety skills"; "Monitor and track the process of developing body safety skills in children"; "Examine and evaluate the managemnt of the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for children aged 5-6, with the aim of identifying measures that can enhance the quality of teaching provided by teachers".
However, the lowest average score based on the assessment of school administrators and teachers was for the criterion of " Develop specific regulations on the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for 5-6 year old children" indicating a need for preschools to place more emphasis on this aspect.
Criterion 2 demonstrates a statistically significant difference between the assessments of school administrators and teachers regarding the level of implementation of the aspect "Manage the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for 5-6 year old children during classroom hours and experiential learning sessions, with a focus on pedagogical approaches and cultivating body safety skills".Specifically, school administrators rated the level of implementation of this aspect lower than teachers (t=2.15,p=0.032).According to survey results, the overall average score for the current situation of the management on the assessment of educational outcomes in teaching body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in public kindergartens is 3.78, which is at a fairly good level.
Schools have performed well in "Plan for teachers to develop methods and forms of assessing the training of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in order to achieve teaching objectives".Along with this is the criterion "Examine and evaluate the appropriateness of the methods and forms of assessment, thereby developing measures to improve the quality of activities in evaluating the teaching of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children".
However, preschools need to pay more attention to the content of "Developing criteria for assessing the training of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in line with the teaching objectives" and "Monitor the evaluation activities of teachers regarding the training of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children".The aforementioned contents have a lower mean score than other contents according to the evaluation of managers and teachers.
Criterion 2 demonstrates statistically significant differences in the evaluation of managers and teachers regarding the implementation of building criteria for evaluating the training of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children according to teaching objectives in preschools.Specifically, teachers have evaluated a lower level of implementation than managers regarding this issue (t = -2.71;p = 0.007).The data table indicates that the average overall score for managing conditions serving the education of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools is 3.75, at a good level.
The mean score indicates that preschools have performed relatively well in "Developing a plan for constructing, purchasing, utilizing, maintaining, and upgrading facilities to serve the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in school"; "Monitoring the construction, purchase, utilization, maintenance, and upgrading of facilities serving the education of body safety However, public kindergartens need to pay more attention to some contents, such as "Constructing evaluation criteria for the usage of facilities serving the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in school"; "Organize and implement the construction, purchase, utilization, maintenance, and upgrading of facilities to serve the education of body safety skills for 5-6 yearold children in school".
Criterion 3 with the lowest average score indicates that the mobilization of social resources to enhance the facilities and technical aspects of education on body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in preschools has not been highly effective.
Criterion 2 demonstrates a statistically significant difference in assessment between administrators and teachers regarding the implementation level of "Constructing evaluation criteria for the usage of facilities serving the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in school".Teachers evaluated the implementation level of the management aspect of this issue to be lower than administrators (t=-3.72,p=0.000).The survey results indicate that the overall average score for the coordination between families and schools in participating in activities to educate body safety skills for 5-6 year old children in preschools is 3.63, at a moderately high level.

Current situation of collaboration with families in managing the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in preschools in Hanoi.
Public preschools have implemented the contents of "Developing a plan to collect feedback from parents on teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at home and in the community", "Organizing the collection of feedback from parents", and "Using the evaluation information to propose appropriate measures to improve the quality of educational activities at the school and enhance the cooperation between the school and families in the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children" at a moderately high level.
However, criteria 2 and 4 received lower evaluation scores, indicating that public preschools still need to pay more attention to determining the criteria for collecting parent feedback and monitoring parent feedback collection activities.These contents greatly

7 .
Current situation of assessing and evaluating the results of teaching body safety skills to 5-6 year-old children in preschools in Hanoi

8 .
Current situation of managing conditions serving the education of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools in Hanoi.
year-old children in school"; and "Evaluating the effectiveness of utilizing facilities serving the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in school, in order to propose measures for upgrading, maintaining, and replacing them".

Table 1 .
Characteristics of administrators and teachers at preschools

2425-2437 3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1.The current situation of managing the objectives of teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools in HanoiTable 1 :
The current situation of managing the objectives of teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children

Table 2 :
The current situation of managing the educational programs for teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children ISSN:

Table 3 :
The current situation of managing the organizational form of teaching body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools ISSN:

Table 4 :
The current situation of managing the organization methods of educating body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children at preschools ISSN:

Table 5 :
Current situation of managing teachers in charge of educating body safety skills for 5-6 year old children at preschools

Table 6 :
Current situation of managing the discipline of learning and practicing body safety skills for children at preschools

Table 7 :
Current situation of assessing and evaluating the results of teaching body safety skills to 5-6 year-old children in preschools

Table 8 :
Current situation of managing conditions serving the education of body safety skills for 5-6-year-old children in preschools

Table 9 :
Current situation of collaboration with families in managing the education of body safety skills for 5-6 year-old children in preschools