The Value of Research Methods in Literary Studies

: Most research in different branches of science (Natural and Social), including literature and art, takes its source from the objective needs of humans and society. For example, every year, world Medical scholars need to find treatments and cures for human-killing diseases.


INTRODUCTION
Research has a fundamental position for the development, strengthening, and growth of all sciences and especially literature, so it is necessary to identify and recognize the value of research methods in literary research, so that literary researchers use these methods.Use it and do your literary research on it.Many literary scholars and writers have made significant and tireless efforts to develop and enrich the Pashto language and literature, and they continue to do so in order to improve the Pashto language and literature with their knowledge (Bairagi, & Munot, 2019).This topic is very important due to its literary and research value, because everyone who does research must first be knowledgeable about the methods in order to conduct research in the same part that is seen as necessary based on the content of the research (Kothari, 2004;Oancea & Punch, 2014).My goal is to encourage a number of professional writers of our language and literature to do more literary research in the relevant field under the pretext of recognizing the value of research methods.This topic should be given full attention in all sciences and especially in literature.In addition to literature, research, and types of research, there will be the literal meaning and terminological definition of the word "method" and the value of research methods.

THE VALUE OF RESEARCH
Every research method is unique, so knowing about research methods opens the door to many other literary researches for motivated writers, and they can investigate any literary subject using the aforementioned research methods.traditions, religious demands, and so on (short story, accepted).Experiences have also shown that every literary work consists of three basic elements: education, training, and beauty.The experimental method is not only the foundation of truth in the scientific and social sciences, but it also allows most of life's affairs to be accepted, that is, issues and topics that have reached the level of confirmation through experience.No one can deny its results and existence, and it is acceptable to everyone (Kothari, 2004;Newby, 2014).

Method of competence
When we don't have our own experience on a subject, we get information from our parents, teachers, and some other knowledgeable people and solve our problem through the knowledge or experience of qualified and competent sources.There is a need to clarify that there are two types of authoritative sources: The first type of source is one for which there is no alternative, and many reasonable people are also required to have their existence and educational experiences.Like the flu, when we have a headache, we are forced to go to a doctor and trust the doctor's competence to some extent.If our radio or mobile phone breaks down, we will take it to the relevant technical manufacturer, and we will have some faith in his knowledge.We cannot find expertise in all branches of science, so the needs and problems of life force us to solve our problems through knowledge and expertise.But one thing is worth mentioning: we do not submit ourselves to the authorities; they say everything, and we blindly accept them without any reason or experience.If we do not accept a doctor's prescription, we go to another doctor, and the authorities are also tested in this way, so that we can solve our problems with reasons using our knowledge and experience (Khan et al., 2007).The word on the street is that there is a new celebrity in town.For example, in the middle Ages, Aristotle gained so much fame that most of the disputes were resolved by his opinion.Until the Renaissance period, Aristotle's theories were considered to be the same.Famous English philosopher Bertrand Russell writes: According to Aristotle, women's teeth are smaller than men's teeth.Although Aristotle was married twice, he never tried to prove this claim by counting his wives' teeth.The subject of faith in authority (Francis Bacon) has been explained very well.horse teeth According to the preceding statements, until the 17th century, scientific problems were only demonstrated by virtue, and no one looked favorably on experience, but with the passage of time, it was demonstrated that many things are acceptable without experience.They are not, but there should be a special experience in each section so that the relevant subject can find positive results by conducting the experiment in a scientific way.This method is also significant in the literary field: if we accept the authority of a poet's poem, then we want clarity about the meaning of the poem from a careful observer and about its content from a literary analyst (McBurney, 2001).

Composite, mixed or composite method
From its name, it is clear that this method is a combination of all the research methods; the researchers use several of the above methods in their research, which is called a composite or compound method.It is important and interesting to use this method in the social sciences.The advantage of this method is that the research is conducted from a single point of view, using multiple methods at the same time, and delves into the subject to obtain accurate and detailed information.In this method, the researcher also clarifies the material related to the subject, shows the reasons, and proves it with examples (McKim, 2017).Sciences are related to each other, so it is necessary that other sciences be looked at for a subject.In addition to the special principles, culture, and requirements of the Pashto language and people, we also conducted some research on Sufism, Sufism, Islam, and spirituality in order to get positive results on this topic.The advantage of the composite method is that the researcher can clarify each aspect of the subject with the help of another special method.Such a method is often used in literary research.For example, if we collect materials about our topic in the library, we can also interview an author (Bairagi & Munot, 2019).

Descriptive method
In the descriptive method, different topics are explained.This method does not refer to the causes and dates of events and issues, but the materials related to the research are explained and analyzed.This method places a high value on explanations and explanations of the subject.This method is often used in library research because it takes a topic out of obscurity and complexity and explains it well.For example, if we are talking about the characters in the novel, then the researcher will explain the first character well: who is he?What is its value and position in the novel?Therefore, it is included in literary research along with descriptive research (McBurney, 2001).