Basic Principles Inspire the Relationship between the Leaders and the Followers in the Physical Revolution in Bali

: The basic principles of leadership in Bali have been known since the royal era and even earlier, namely since the community has settled down, gathered, defended the environment, since then the leadership element has entered. Leadership in Balinese society is inseparable from Balinese local wisdom, which is a form of unification of culture, customs, and religion. During the royal period until the physical revolution in Bali, leadership was always based on the philosophy of Hinduism. A leader in his leadership should always be based on the teachings of Asta Brata. In the 1945 physical revolution in Bali, leadership on the part of the fighters was greatly influenced by circumstances and nationalism. To be able to understand the loyalty of the people in war cannot be separated from the basic principles that underlie the link between leaders and followers which originate from the teachings of Hindu religious philosophy, especially teachings that discuss the basis of leadership which is always oriented to the nature/gods as a manifestation of God. To support the status of a leader, it is usually manifested in the form of an heirloom keris, the use of titles, troops and so on. Familiarity, the sense of responsibility of the leader with the loyalty that is led melts together. The leader will inflame the spirit of struggle, his followers are always loyal to support him. So that a strong patron-client relationship is established. From this background, this paper reveals the basic principles that underlie the link between leaders and followers in the physical revolution in Bali. The main problem: What are the basic principles that underlie the link between leaders and followers before and during the physical revolution in Bali? Data collection used the historical method through several stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and the stage of writing research results. The limited written data sources that were collected to complete this work used the method of direct interviews with the combatants who held the helm at that time. And supported by a patron-client approach. The results of the study show that the basic principles that underlie the link between leaders and those who are led before and during the physical revolution in Bali are strongly influenced by situations and conditions, the spirit of leadership which originates from the teachings of Hinduism. The link between the leader and the fed is an absolute requirement for the emergence of leadership because there are people who want to follow those who lead.


INTRODUCTION
Leadership in the physical revolution in Bali can be interpreted as a person's ability to influence or move other people, reach a consensus to achieve a goal in accordance with the will of the leader (Kartono, 1983).Battle in an effort against the Dutch to control Bali.Since the nineteenth century several leaders emerged, for example I Gusti Made Karangasem in the Buleleng war, Patih Jelantik in the Jagaraga war, Dewa Agung Istri Kanya in the Kumbaba war and other paramilitary leaders.The soul and spirit of leadership in a heroic battle which has inspired a spirit of national struggle in seizing Indonesian independence in Bali.In the Puputan Margarana incident on 20 November 1946, a charismatic leader emerged, namely I Gusti Ngurah Rai.He died along with all its 96 members in order to defend and defend Indonesia's independence (Bali's Level I Regional Proclamation Service Foundation, 1978).
Revolution here is defined as a political process that arises in a critical situation when conflicting groups seek radical political change.Or as a result of feelings of insecurity and anxiety regarding the issue of survival, the short time movement is powerful and absolute (Kartodirdjo, 1982 andAli, 1965).The consequences of this event left a lot of history that needs to be recorded and remembered.To commemorate all this, a temple was built to commemorate and glorify the heroes who died in the physical revolution.And now this Heroes Park is a historical tour and educational tour about the history of the physical revolution in Bali.The influence of Western education brought by the Dutch colonial government caused the leadership system to lead to formal and rational matters.Although in some cases informal and irrational leadership is still influential, that is unofficial leadership that is obtained based on the trust and recognition of those who are led.During the physical revolution in Bali, the leadership system at that time was greatly influenced by the situation due to the limited time to consolidate and make the right choice for the appointment of a leader in a society that tended to be said to be anarchism (no government).Therefore, the idea of selecting and determining leaders had to be realized immediately.Coincidentally, several Balinese community leaders at that time, such as I Gusti Ngurah Rai and his friends, were known by the young fighters who were active during the Japanese occupation as members of Peta (Pendit, 1979).
From the description above, a problem emerges that needs to be discussed, namely: What are the basic principles that underlie the link between leaders during the physical revolution in Bali?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The main method used in this research is qualitative in nature, namely by using survey data collection techniques on the perceptions and experiences of informants through interview techniques with community leaders, actors, and leaders of the physical revolution in Bali who are still eligible to provide information.To sharpen the historical framework, concepts, theories, analysis and discussion results, this research is supported by related literature sources.From data sources that were successfully collected through documents and interview results, then processed to be compiled in the form of writing articles and dividing them into several discussions.

Basic Principles of Leadership before the Physical Revolution in Bali
In Balinese society, besides knowing the leadership system in the physical revolution, they also know the traditional leadership system and the leadership system during the colonial period.The traditional leadership system is closely related to its social stratification which consists of four classes namely Brahmins, Ksatryas, Wesya and Sudras.Two dynasties as holders of the top leadership, such as Brahmins will occupy more positions related to religion, for example as royal priests.While the kesatrya dynasty occupied positions in the field of government.The two dynasties have a horizontal dependency relationship in the sense of equal and complementary relations (Legg, 1983).In traditional society in Bali, there are three kinds of linkages, namely the link between the warrior class and the Brahmin class, between the Brahmin class and the people, and the link between the warrior class and the people (see Agung, 1984, andBagus, 1983).The relationship between the kesatrya dynasty as a king and its people is usually regulated in a bureaucratic system that has been in force in all kingdoms in Bali.All government administrative activities are always centered in the palace (puri) so that this style is often called a centric palace (Legg, 1983).The palace can be said to be a symbol of nobility which is controlled by the ruling class in all its forms and is a pattern of palace culture which also gives features to the traditional bureaucratic structure (Research Project and Regional Cultural Records of the Ministry of Education and Culture, History of National Awakening of the Bali Region, 1977).However, in the leadership system, the Balinese tend to be oriented towards the teachings of Hinduism.Some guidelines for a leader are contained in the Wiracarita Ramayana when Sang Rama gives advice to Wibisana Nitipraja.In essence, this teaching implies that every good government must exercise government power by referring to the eight gods or Asta Brata (Pudja, 1983, Sutedja, 1978).
Based on historical records, since the mid-19th century anti-colonial attitudes have been shown by Balinese people such as the Buleleng war, Jagaraga war, Kusamba war, Banjar war, Puputan Badung and Puputan Klungkung.If we dig up the sources of this anti-colonial attitude, we will find it in the philosophy and teachings of Hinduism.The resistance at that time did not yet have awareness as a nation but had anti-Dutch colonialism motives as a reflection of the spirit of patriotism that the people of Bali had.The teachings of Hinduism are very influential and are reflected in attitudes and daily actions.Some of the quotations from the teachings of Hinduism influence the fighting spirit of the Balinese people.The charisma of a leader will be stronger if besides coming from the warrior group, he also has the ability in religious matters.This situation will increase and strengthen the loyalty of followers to their leaders, which is not only based on feudal bonds but also based on bonds of trust.
After Dutch colonialism succeeded in controlling the island of Bali, the rights of a leadership system based on heredity began to be reduced and awards based on education and skills began (Kartodirdjo, 1982).Those chosen and appointed as leaders