Principal Managerial Skills in Implementing School-Based Management: A Literature Review

: This study aimed to describe principals' managerial skills in the development of School-Based Management (SBM). The method used in this study was a literature review. The results and discussion of the study, namely the principal's managerial skills, include; Technical skills (technical abilities), human skills (human relations abilities), and conceptual skills (conceptual abilities), which are implemented in school-based management with components of curriculum management and teaching programs, education staff, student affairs, finance, educational facilities and infrastructure, management of school and community relations, and special services for institutions. The indicators for the success of School-Based Management (SBM) include support from school principals and teachers, sufficient financial resources, clear commitments, responsibilities, skills, and qualifications of school officials, appropriate plans, obligations

) said that efforts to implement programs that have been conceptually determined in order to improve the quality of education still refer to the goals of national education.Arar and Nasra (2020) define SBM as the decentralization of responsibility for decision-making in certain areas at the school level (e.g., learning programs, teaching methods, resources, people, student choice, and accountability).SBM is "a school management model by giving greater authority at the school level to manage their own schools directly (Mistrianingsih, Imron et al. 2015).Indicators in school-based management that can support the performance of school principals include at least the school components that must be adequately managed in the context of SBM, namely "curriculum and teaching programs, education staff, students, finance, educational facilities and infrastructure, management of school relations and the community, as well as the management of special services for educational institutions (Usman, Harun et al. 2016).
According to Suyitno (2021) successful school management in implementing School-Based Management if: 1).The number of students receiving educational services is increasing; 2).Increasingly fun and active teaching and learning activities in all classes throughout the day; 3).Better quality of education services; 4).The class stay rate is decreasing and school productivity is getting better in the sense that the ratio between the number of students enrolling and the number of students graduating is getting bigger; 5).The relevance of education is getting better; 6).The existence of justice in the implementation of education; 7).Increased stakeholder involvement; 8).The better the work climate and culture in schools; 9).Welfare of teachers and school staff improved;10).Democratization in the implementation of education.Thus, this study aims to find out more about how the managerial skills of principals in the development of school-based management (SBM) are manifested.

METHODOLOGY
This research can be categorized as a literature review.This literature review aimed to find a theoretical foundation that can enable fixing an issue.Using the terms "Managerial Principals in SBM Implementation," a Google Scholar search was conducted to find the publication as part of the review process.One hundred fifty research papers linked to the topic were found in the search, which covered articles published from 2015-2022.The requirements for reports to qualify as literature in this study are as follows: a. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods result from "Managerial Principals in SBM Implementation."b.
Research from various countries in the world c.Research articles are written in English d.Dissertation and thesis not included The steps in the "Managerial Principles in SBM Implementation" Literature Review for each variable are as follows: Step  The implementation of school-based management has been the subject of research studies in many different nations.As seen in Table 1 above, academic institutions have researched managerial principles in SBM implementation.Based on the findings of a literature review of the sources consulted, the analysis demonstrates that management is a more extensive activity than managerial since it encompasses actions like planning, organizing, coordinating, leading, and supervising.The principal's role as a manager, planner, and supervisor of the school community's activities is crucial to a school's success.A school's development is linked to the principal's managerial abilities (Trimono 2019).Since the significant recommendations for teachers to carry out the teaching and learning process depends on the principal or the principal's policy and activities, the principal's administrative abilities are crucial to the success of educational circumstances (Anjani and Dafit 2021).joint decision-making.( 6) School-Based Management can improve student achievement due to increased efficiency in the use of resources and personnel, increased teacher professionalism, implementation of curriculum reform, and increased community involvement in education (Rosmalah 2016).

CONCLUSSION
This study focused on a review of the literature from earlier studies to analyze how the principal's managerial management is controlled by using SBM.Most of the review's findings indicated that it is challenging to find literature on adopting SBM and principal managerial practices.Because the major recommendations for teachers to carry out the teaching and learning process depend on the principal or the principal's policies and the actions of the principal, the principal's administrative abilities are highly significant in the success of educational circumstances.Therefore, the management expertise that the principal plays and owns is essential to the growth and advancement of a school.In conclusion, the authors of this paper believe that the managerial study of principals in SBM implementation is a helpful step for advancing principals' managerial information in SBM implementation.Having such an advanced understanding will also make it possible to develop the managerial abilities of principals and the implementation of SBM that is easier to understand.

1 :
Formulated the Problem • Chose a topic that matches your problems and interests • Problems must be written entirely and accurately Step 2: Searched the Literature • Searched for literature relevant to the research • Got an overview of the research topic • Research resources were beneficial if they are supported by knowledge related to the studied topic • Sources must provide an overview/summary related to previous research.Step 3: Evaluated the data • Paid attention to the contributions made by articles on the topic • Paid attention to the data sources needed according to the needs of the topic.• Data can be quantitative data, qualitative data, or a combination of both Step 4: Analysis and Interpretation Step 5: Discussed and summarized the literature 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION This section reviews the key research findings from numerous papers the author has read and examines them.Most publications discussed "How Managerial Principals Implement SBM?" The study presented in the articles under evaluation was carried out in ISSN: 2581-8341 Volume 05 Issue 08 August 2022 DOI: 10.47191/ijcsrr/V5-i8-04, Impact Factor: 5.995 IJCSRR @ 2022 www.ijcsrr.org2825 * Corresponding Author: Danang Shofwan Volume 05 Issue 08 August 2022 Available at: ijcsrr.orgPage No.-2822-2828 many different nations.

Table 1 :
Table 1 describes the results of the literature study conducted by the author, and research has been carried out in several schools.Principal Managerial in Implementing SBM ISSN: