Transformation of Public Transport Based on Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Implementation of Buy the Service (BTS) Scheme in A Metropolitan City of Sarbagita, Bali

: The level of congestion in Indonesia's big cities, including Denpasar, is already so severe. This is inseparable from the phenomenon where most people in Indonesia now have a car transportation system that is growing rapidly. Furthermore, the city is characterized by high car dependence and a low and steadily declining public transport profile. The Indonesian government seeks to transform the public transportation industry so that drivers want to change to public transportation through the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and most recently, in 2020 the government through the Ministry of Transportation launched the "Buy the Service" program or known as BTS which has been implemented in Indonesia. 5 big cities, namely: Palembang, Solo, Medan, Yogyakarta, and Denpasar. Then followed by Bandung, Makassar, Banjarmasin, Surabaya, and Banyumas in 2021. However, there is an indication that the interest of private car users to switch to using public transportation is very small. The study is intended to evaluate of service or transit improvement. Identify different categories of impacts and how to measure them, discuss the best way to evaluate public transport and identify common mistakes that distort results as well as discuss the travel impacts of changes to the transit system (BRT) and incentives (BTS). The results of this study are expected to explain ways to optimize transit benefits by increasing system efficiency, increasing passengers and creating more transit-oriented land

from the research in Bali (RakaMandi and Joni 2017) it turns out that the sensitivity of private car users is very small to the attributes of public transportation services.This means that there is an indication that the interest of private car users to switch to using public transportation is very small.The BTS scheme for urban mass transportation is a mechanism for purchasing mass transportation services by the government, in this case the Ministry of Transportation, to operators with an auction mechanism based on Minimum Service Standards or Standar Pelayanan Minimum (SPM) or Quality Licensing that meets the aspects of comfort, security, safety, affordability, equality and fulfills health aspect.In this scheme, the government only focuses on evaluating the performance of the services run by the operators.This scheme is regulated through the Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 9 of 2020 concerning the Provision of Subsidies for Urban Public Passenger Transportation, which was later amended by PM Number 2 of 2022."However, the facts on the ground are still not encouraging.Public transportation is still less attractive and for most of the tourists who visit Bali, public transport currently serves a relatively small portion of the total trip, but the trips it serves tend to be of high value for tourists and the community (RakaMandi 2022).Meanwhile, congestion in Denpasar is already bad."This is inseparable from the phenomenon where most people in Indonesia now have a car transportation system that is growing rapidly, including the Sarbagita area.Furthermore, the city is characterized by high car dependence and a low and steadily declining PT profile.As a scheduled carrier (scheduled carrier) and mass (mass transit), BRT public transportation is indeed cheap but has many weaknesses.The main weakness is that it is not flexible and less familiar or impersonal and must be connected to the center of community activities such as educational activities, and tourism so that it can be a choice of transportation.In addition to connectivity, of course, services from public transportation are also a reference point for people to choose to use public transportation compared to private vehicles.The mass transportation system no longer merely speeds up a person's mobility to reach their destination but also provides comfort, security, and safety for the community.Therefore, urban transportation must be built following the needs of the community that considers aspects of efficiency and effectiveness (Wright, 2007) in (Tangkudung, Fitriati et al. 2011).
In Europe and Asia, the transformation of public transport has worked well as evidenced in America.Between 2004 and 2012 the US population grew by 6%, motorized travel decreased by 1% and transit passengers increased by 14% (Todd Litman 2021).This trend represents a changing demand for travelalthough few people want to completely abandon car travel, many prefer to drive less and rely more on walking, cycling, and public transport, as long as they are convenient, comfortable, and integrated.It is, therefore, necessary to implement integration measures to improve the service quality of the newly formed PT network, ensure the cooperation of the operators involved and promote it as a strong integrated attraction alternative, compatible with cars to achieve a mode shift towards a balanced intermodal transport system.There are many reasons to improve the evaluation of the existence of Transmetro Dewata which is very relevant to the needs of people who want fast mobility.The problem is how to strengthen the existence of Transmetro Dewata as a fast public transportation mode, to optimally support the mobility needs of the urban community.The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the process of social engineering in creating order and public order in transportation.If this is achieved, there will be an increase in the quality of life of people in urban areas.As such, people are forced to make more rational choices in determining their choice of the mode of transportation that they consider the most efficient and effective.Based on this background, it is necessary to conduct a thorough evaluation to uncover the underlying factors that led to the project's results in the public transport reform effort launched in the metropolitan area of Sarbagita.The conceptual framework and problems and solutions can be seen in Figure 1.

C. Trans Metro Dewata coverage area
Trans Metro Dewata is a public transportation provider in Denpasar that operates Bus routes.Trans Metro Dewata has 5 Bus routes in Denpasar with 192 Bus stops.Their bus routes cover the area from the North (Gianyar) with one stop at Puri Ubud to the South (Badung) with one stop at Perum Komplek Burung Selatan.Their westernmost stop is Simpang Gubug Selatan (Tabanan) and the easternmost stop is Bale Banjar Bababakan / Sukawati (Gianyar).

III. BUS RAPID TRANSIT A. The concept of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
The world's first bus rapid transit system (BRT) began in 1974 at Curitiba in Brazil (ITDP 2016).Since the study of BRT, there have been many differences between the various approaches to defining BRT.Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is traditionally defined as a mass transit bus which is defined as large capacity, there is a route (corridor), stops at the bus stop, and is integrated.
According to (ITDP 2016) Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a high-quality bus-based transit system that provides fast, convenient, and cost-effective service at metro level capacity.This is done through the provision of dedicated lanes, with iconic busways and stations usually aligned with the center of the road, off-board fare collection, and rapid and frequent operation.

BRT Corridor
A BRT corridor is a section of a road or continuous road served by a bus route or several bus routes with a minimum length of 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) that has a dedicated bus lane.The BRT standard will be applied to specific BRT corridors rather than the BRT system as a whole, as the quality of BRT in cities with multiple corridors can vary widely.
To be considered a BRT, a corridor must:  Minimum length of 3 km with special lanes,  Scored 4 points or more in special road elements,  Scored 4 or more points on busway alignment elements; and  Scored 20 points or more across all five elements of BRT Fundamentals.Basics of BRT Five important features define BRT, these features significantly result in faster travel for passengers and make transit journeys more reliable and more comfortable.Special Line Dedicated bus lanes make travel faster and ensure that buses are never delayed due to various traffic jams.Busway Road Alignment Highway centers or bus corridors keep buses away from busy roadsides where cars park, stand, and turn.

Off-board Fare Collection
Paying tickets at the station instead of on the bus eliminates delays caused by passengers waiting to pay on the bus.

Intersections Treatment
Forbidding turns for traffic across bus lanes reduces delays caused by buses by deflecting traffic.Banning such turns is the most important measure of moving buses through intersectionseven more important than a signal priority.
BRT is a bus that runs in its lane as the right of way.Going through in a special lane does not mix with other vehicles so that travel times can be measured and scheduled," Referring to the definition of ITDP and World Bank, it means that in Indonesia only Jakarta has done this, although not completely because sometimes it still cuts off public roads.That means Trans Metro Dewata let alone Trans Dewata including other cities.In fact, currently cities have BRT network claims such as Trans Pakuan Bogor, Batik Solo Trans, TransSemarang, TransJogja, Trans Metro Bandung, Trans Musi Palembang, Trans Padang, Trans Mamminasata Makassar, Trans Bandar Lampung, Trans Dewata Denpasar, BRTS Medan, and Suroboyo Bus.The adoption of the name is the same as the brand in Jakarta, namely the Trans Jakarta Bus which is operated by PT Transport Jakarta (BUMD).Transit is becoming more important as cities grow.In small cities, transit mainly serves the transportation of disadvantaged drivers (people who cannot use cars), usually representing 5-10% of the population, but as cities grow and density, transit serves more free riders (people who have the choice to drive), thereby delivering more benefits by reducing traffic problems and supporting more efficient land use patterns (Todd Litman 2021).

B. Integration
For PT to be considered a viable alternative to private vehicles, globally, policymakers have developed strategies to produce effective integrated multimodal systems (Vassallo 2012).The purpose of the integrated system is to provide pedestrians with a broad spectrum of destination choices through a system that is convenient, accessible, convenient, safe, fast and affordable (Ulengin 2007).This can be achieved by strategically positioning transfer points within the network to optimize resources (Navarrete 2013).Therefore, an important element in the development of such an integrated system is for policy makers and operators to facilitate routes with "smooth" transfers.Effective integration is possible through three processes.Most important is institutional integration with coordinated planning.Second, there must be physical integration; ensure network spatial connectivity through junctions and hubs, thus providing a seamless travel experience.Finally, there must be a unified operation achieved through the integration of information and tariffs.Transport Integration means that whatever mode or type of transportation (rail, road, water and air) is involved, it all operates as a 'seamless' entityfor the benefit of the fare-paying customer (Sonar and Gaikwad November 2020).A Public Transport System is made up of three kinds of integration (Sonar and Gaikwad November 2020):  Infrastructure integration, consisting of dedicated transport infrastructure, such as park-and-ride facilities, interchange stations, and Priority Line buses:  Mode integration, which consists of the possibility to use different types of public transport modes (buses, trains) in a coordinated schedule;  Fare integration, which allows passengers to use different modes of transportation and services with the same ticket

IV. BUY THE SERVICE (BTS) SCHEME
Buy The Service or BTS scheme for urban mass transportation is a mechanism for purchasing mass transportation services by the government, in this case the Ministry of Transportation, to operators with an auction mechanism based on Minimum Service Standards (SPM) or Quality Licensing that meets aspects of comfort, security, safety, affordability, equality and fulfill health aspects.So, in this scheme, the government only focuses on evaluating the performance of the services run by the operators.Through this concept, the government carries out a number of functions, namely:  Risk Responsibility; The government is the bearer of the risk of providing transportation services due to the high operational costs of mass transportation. Licensing; The government grants service implementation licenses to operators who meet the Minimum Service Standard qualifications (SPM). Priority; The government gives priority to public transportation so that it has advantages over private vehicles.There are at least seven criteria needed to become a recipient city for the Buy the Service program, including having a large population but not being served by public transportation facilities or the existing public transportation facilities are not optimal.Existing public transportation services show a positive trend and can withstand the pressure of using private vehicles."Has big ambitions and commitments but still needs help, especially in terms of finances.And Denpasar can meet the requirements set by the Ministry of Transportation" In 2020, the BTS scheme will be implemented in 5 major cities, namely Palembang, Solo, Medan, Yogyakarta, and Denpasar.Then followed by Bandung, Makassar, Banjarmasin, Surabaya, and Banyumas in 2021 (Figure 3)  Affordability; Accessibility, tariff  Equality; priority seat availability  Regularity; waiting time, travel speed, and stop time at the bus stop BTS is a program dedicated to the convenience and safety of using public transportation in urban areas which is subsidized 100% of its operations by the Government so that people can enjoy the Teman Bus for free."This subsidy is so that transportation services can also carry out the specified Minimum Service Standards (SPM).The application of this SPM, must be met by the operator when running bus services.In addition, the advantages of Teman Bus are supported by technological facilities to try to realize the conditions of urban mass transportation services that are far more excellent than before.The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in buses has also begun to be implemented.Other facilities available include passenger counting, mobile DVR for monitoring that can transmit signal speeds of 2G-3G-4G, GPS tracking, surveillance cameras, CP4 which is a device for monitoring vehicles on the driver dashboard panel and driver attendance using an RFID card.

B. Buy the Service Implementation
BTS is a development of the previous program, namely Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), where the government buys buses which are then handed over to local governments to be managed.The BTS program is the embryo of a sustainable mass transportation system, where safe and comfortable bus services, as well as the certainty of bus departure and arrival schedules, are prioritized.This scheme is regulated through the Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 9 of 2020 concerning the Provision of Subsidies for Urban Public Passenger Transportation, which was later amended by PM Number 2 of 2022.Procurement of "BRT (Bus Rapid Transit)" or other services based on BTS (Buy The Service) is the best option currently available because with this, system operators can be more optimal in providing services, especially during a pandemic, as we are now.

V. METHODOLOGY
This study attempts to uncover the underlying factors that led to the project's outcome in the public transport reform effort launched in the Sarbagita metropolitan area.The method used is an explanatory research method, formulating variables, indicators, and parameters to analyze the BRT system in Sarbagita and as a boundary to determine the current situation in the Sarbagita Metropolitan City.Variables, indicators, and parameters are built from literature review journals, government documents, and implementation of the BRT system in several cities and several countries.To confirm the theory with the current situation, the data collection process involved field observations, in-depth interviews, literature review, and questionnaires.

VI. BRT-BASED PUBLIC TRANSPORT WITH BTS SCHEME IN SARBAGITA A. Public Transport in Sarbagita
The most popular urban public transport system used in Denpasar and its surroundings (Sarbagita) is  Angkot in the form of minibuses, Kura-Kura Bus, Dokar, Komotra Shuttle Bus, Taxis, Conventional Taxis, Online Transportation, charter  Bus Rapid transit (BRT) large commuter bus  Shared taxis serve as feeders to the Primary Public Transport System (BRT) and travel across cities to some extent The BRT-based bus mode uses two operators where Trans Sarbagita, which was previously managed by the Restu Mulia auto (PO) company, then moved to Damri and is now managed by the Djakarta Passenger Transportation General Company or Perum PPD Jakarta which is one of the state-owned enterprises under the guidance of the Ministry of Transportation.communication.Meanwhile, Trans Metro Dewata is managed by PT Satria Trans Jaya.while other modes such as the angkot mode such as BRT which is partially implemented will cause commuters to encounter obstacles when traveling and may be the reason why the market the public transportation network in Bali which has almost disappeared.The idea of Trans Sarbagita has been launched since 1998, but it was not realized because Indonesia was hit by a monetary crisis that affected the budget received by the provincial government.At that time, Trans Sarbagita operated in four corridors, namely Corridor 1 (Kota -Garuda Wisnu Kencana pp) and Corridor 2 (Batubulan -Nusa Dua pp) as well as two new corridors launched in 2015 namely Corridor 7. Tabanan -Mengwi -Airport and Corridor 11.Mahendradatta -Sanur -More.When it was launched, it only used 25 bus fleets, it continued to decline until at the time of this study there were only 5 buses.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Conceptual Framework for Problems and Solutions Trans Sarbagita is a public transportation provider in Denpasar that operates Bus routes.Trans Sarbagita has 3 Bus routes in Denpasar with 88 Bus stops.Their bus routes cover the area from the North (Gianyar) with one stop at Batubulan to the South (Badung) with one stop at Gwk (Garuda Wisnu Kencana).Their westernmost stop is Ungasan 1 (Badung) , and their easternmost stop is Batubulan (Gianyar).Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is expected to represent city transportation that can change an inhumane transportation culture.The introduction of new transportation values, such as disciplined behavior and attitudes, ticket payment systems, real-time information, and easy travel applications, is a new order that is urgently needed by the urban community as a whole.The values of convenience, safety, respect for time, and costs inherent in Transmetro services are expected to reduce various forms of risk in transportation.Thus, the Transmetro Dewata bus can improve or improve the quality of life of people in the Sarbagita area.Coverage area maps of Tran Metro Dewata and Trans Sarbagita see Fig.2

B. BRT-based public transport reform in the Sarbagita area Trans
Metro Dewata is a transportation revolution, especially in the field of urban transportation in the SARBAGITA area.Starting with Trans Sarbagita, a bus rapid transit (BRT) type of public transportation, which started operating on August 18, 2011, the goal