School Library Management: A Literature Review

: This article aims to find out how school libraries is managed based on the literature review from previous research from several countries around the world. This article uses search and review methods, where the review process began with a search engine, Google scholar and IEEE, to search the articles with keywords. The authors found the scope of the reviewed articles was still very limited so it needs to be followed up related to school turnover management research. Result of the review show that libraries can run optimally if they apply good management. The research about this topic is limited and this article is a literature review; so further research needs to be done related to school library management in general and to include other data collection methods including interview and questionnaire. The theoretical benefit of this article is to add knowledge about educational library management and the practical benefit is as an information for further research.


INTRODUCTION
The library is one of the learning tools that can be a force to educate the nation. The library has an important role as a bridge to the mastery of science as well as a place of recreation that is fun and refreshing. Libraries make an important contribution to the opening of information about science (Siregar, 2017). In its administration, the library requires its own space along with various accessories. The more complete the equipment, the more it supports the implementation of the school library. The available space and equipment must be arranged and maintained properly so that it can support the effective and efficient operation of the school library (Azwar & Rusli, 2016). The library must be able to become an alternative center for teaching and learning activities and reading centers to increase knowledge and recreation. The school library is expected to not only provide reading books but also to provide other sources of information such as audiovisual and multimedia materials, as well as to access information on the internet. In the teaching and learning process, books have a very important role because books are sources of information (Novyanti, Dahrani, Padli, & Maharani, 2019). Lasa revealed that there are several important functions of the school library, including as an educational medium, for learning, for conducting simple research, as an application of information technology in experts and as an alternative to the development of classroom knowledge and sources of information (Siagian, Siregar, & Nasution, 2019). Another function of the library is to play an important role to fulfill all information needed by the community members in an educational institution (Williment, 2019). Libraries as educational institutions and institutions information provider will have good performance if libraries are supported by adequate management, so that all activities of the institution will lead to effort to achieve the goals that have been set. The library as a source of learning that has a big influence in the world of education, one of the roles of the school library is to improve student learning outcomes or achievements. Because with the library it is expected that students can develop skills to find information for their needs independently. This is of course by using the library as much as possible using good management (Marlina & Suandi, 2019). In general, many problems faced by library staff in library management. The problem that often arises in library management are in terms of funding management and the lack of prioritized focus, both from the government or internal institutions because of the flow of information. This has resulted in some libraries that are still less in demand by millennial young people who prefer to access reading material through smart phones. This can also be seen from a number of phenomena that occur, among others, the low percentage of the budget allocated to libraries, the low planning of library development programs, implementation and evaluation, the lack of government efforts to find library funding and the weak efforts to integrate library services with school curriculum (Hermawan & Prayoga, 2020).

B. School Library
The library is a conducive space for creating and representing campus culture or community-safe intellectual space (Everett, 2018). The library is divided into three, academic, general, and special library groups (Raghu & Mothukuri, 2017). According to Darmono, the library was used as a place for a collection of books or books to be organized as a medium for the learning process of the students (Almas, 2017). The definition of library was stated by Soedjono Trimo who said that the library was used as a place where all human knowledge or ideas were collected, both in print and in other forms (Suhardi, 2011). In supporting this role, libraries need to provide resources, facilities and services that will enable students to fulfill their academic potential. To carry out these activities, libraries constantly need to reassess their services to ensure they meet the needs of all reading interests (Harshani, Khatibi, & Azam, 2020). School library is also called the heart of the education program or the term heart of the education program. For this reason, it is hoped that the library can be utilized as optimal as possible in supporting students' teaching and learning activities. Darmono said the library was needed in educational institutions because the school library was a source of learning in the school environment, the school library was one component of the approved system, the school library was a source to support the quality of education and further, the school library as a learning laboratory that enabled students to sharpen and enlarge the ability to read, write, think and speak (Fitria, 2018). Based on the results of survivors conducted by Niels Ole Pors and Carl Gustav Johannsen showed that modern libraries must implement leadership and management accordingly. Management and leadership tend to be used to emphasize the importance of democratic values such as tolerance, dialogue, cooperation, motivation, mutual respect and distance themselves from rules and regulations, govern and control (Pors & Johannsen, 2003). The integrated library system supports all academic library operations from obtaining and processing library resources to make them available to the user community and preserving it for future use. As library needs to develop, there is an urgent demand for libraries to migrate from one generation of ILS to the next generation. This complex migration process often requires significant financial and personnel investment but its success is not guaranteed at all (Yeh & Walter, 2016). Therefore, the importance of libraries cannot be ignored in academic activities the student. By providing access to necessary information and intellectual resources, the library can greatly influence student learning process and overall academic performance. Thus, the library takes an important role in facilitating students towards education and help them in their academic career (Jan & Anwar, 2019). Given the importance of school libraries, the Indonesian government is looking for the development of school libraries in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has set it in Law No. 43 of 2007 Article 23 concerning School Libraries, states that schools or madrassas (Islamic Schools) must regulate libraries within the National Education Standards (Harisanti & Grace, 2018). In general, a library is an educational facility as a resource to facilitate teaching, learning and research. At the elementary school level, the class library should be designed to provide the learning resources needed by the teachers to improve student curriculum learning outcomes. Specifically, libraries must be able to: a. Give students quick access to resources to develop their interest in extensive reading to foster sustainable reading habits. b. Provide opportunities for students to use books and other learning materials to develop desired social, moral, and religious values. c. Making students develop aesthetic values and appreciate books and material information as a key to learn and develop (Omigie & Idiedo, 2019). Managerial ability in managing the library is in line with the desire to realize a school library as mentioned above, of course there must be synergistic cooperation between librarians, teachers, principals, and school committees. In addition, there is also a need for positive appreciation of the existence of the library of all related components. School library as one of the learning resource centers has a role as a means of educational media together with other educational elements in the implementation of teaching and learning processes. School library is a library that is held in schools to support teaching and learning programs in formal education institutions at the school level both elementary and secondary schools, both public schools and private schools. In simple terms, it can be said that the main task of a library is to collect library materials from the past, present and store and provide for the needs of current and future library users. From these functions, it can be seen that the school library should be an integral part of the learning system, as a complementary tool for the existence of schools, and the tastes 130 of the readers who in this case are students. The main function of the school library is to convey information contained in user collections, to be able to fulfill that function, information must be able to be sought or recovered (Algifarie & Suyatno, 2019) The library as an educational institutions and information providers will have good performance if supported by adequate management, so that all the activities of the institution will lead to achieve the goals that have been planned. The library is a place to store and obtain information from various types of libraries. Library will be used as a tool for completing education in achieving educational goals, the existence of libraries in tertiary institutions is very important. To manage a library requires good management skills so that the direction of activities is according to the desired goals. Management capability is also needed to maintain a balance of different goals and to make it able to be carried out effectively and efficiently (Masdul & Rahmawati, 2019). The school library is part of the facilities contained in the school environment and is fully managed by the school to assist the school in achieving its educational goals. There are several important functions of the school library, including as an educational medium, for learning, for conducting simple research, as an application of information technology in the transfer and development of science as an alternative class and source of information. So that it can be understood that the purpose of the school library is as a forum that provides a variety of knowledge through a collection of books that fit the needs of students so that students can develop talent, explore the world, and make the school library as a source of information (Siagian et al., 2019) Knowledge about the library, a library manager should also be able to manage the library properly. The management includes the preparation of work programs and development programs, carrying out programs such as arrangement of facilities and equipment, procurement of collections, processing, circulation, services, and coaching, as well as carrying out supervision. Not just sitting still, or even rarely opening a library (Suhaemin & Arikunto, 2013). Besides that, school library management must be done professionally.
Managers have to seriously carry out its activities in order to achieve progress and learning process in schools (Kamulyan & Primasari, 2016). The library can be used as an alternative center for teaching and learning activities and reading centers to increase knowledge for students. The school library is expected to not only provide reading books but also to provide other sources of information such as audiovisual and multimedia materials, as well as access the information on the internet. Management in the school library is not just an activity of placing books on a shelf, but more than that, it is very complex, sustainable and always changes (Novyanti et al., 2019). The success of school libraries in organizing good learning resource services is indeed more focused on structuring and managing their work, but in the implementation of a good school library must provide adequate services and facilities. Services that ideally exist in the school library include the following: 1) library building or space, 2) library equipment and supplies, 3) library space layout, 4) collection of library materials, 5) librarian, 6) library services, 7) library rules (Muspawi & Piana, 2018). The school library as an integral part of the school, the main component of education in schools, is expected to be able to support the achievement of learning objectives in schools. In line with this, Andi Prastowo stated that, the objectives of the school library were as follows: (a) encouraging and accelerating the process of mastering the reading techniques of students; (b) helps creative writing for students; (c) fostering interests and reading habits; (d) provide various kinds of information for the sake of curriculum implementation; (e) encourage, excite the spirit of reading and learning; (f) expand, deepen, and enrich student learning experiences by reading books and other collections; and (g) provide healthy entertainment to fill leisure time through reading activities, especially books and other creative reading sources (Badrudin, 2019).  Look at any contribution to the topic discussed  Search and find the right data source as needed to support research  It can be in the form of qualitative data, quantitative data or data derived from a combination of both Step 4: Analysis and Interpretation

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Step 5: Discuss and find and summarize literature.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section reports the main findings reviewed from several articles the author has read. The analysis selected most of the articles based on the benefits and management of the school library. The articles that have been reviewed are research conducted in several countries in the world. The table describes the results of the literature review conducted by the author. Research has been carried out in several schools and universities.

Indonesia
Qualitative Planning is carried out with the madrasa head at the madrasa level meeting by submitting a work program and submitting a draft budget (RAB), the program implementation at the library is carried out by the head of the library, namely borrowing books, daily library services, work program socialization, and supervision is carried out incidentally monthly and weekly.
Research studies on library management in schools have been carried out in various countries. Table shows that research studies have been carried out in schools and universities. Based on the results of literature reviews and reviews from sources obtained, the analysis shows that the library is an important component in an educational program. This means that the library is needed in schools to be able to support teaching and learning activities. The writer will present findings that show that libraries are needed in schools to be able to support teaching and learning activities, this is in accordance with Stephanie Everett's research results showing that utilizing libraries as safe spaces (intellectuals) provides opportunities for students to learn about diversity and inclusion, and a platform for building relationships between collaborative educational institutions and increasing library visibility (Everett, 2018). The premise of this article is to find out how school library management is. The development of the library from time to time shows that the library is a developing organism. The development of a library is inseparable from the development of library science. In this digital era, the progress and development of a library goes hand in hand with leadership that is able to create a quality organizational and communication culture that supports the achievement of library organization goals. Library organization requires a leader who can utilize well information technology and have sufficient productivity and characteristics in leading the organization. Library as a science provides various perspectives for each individual to study and analyze the peculiarities of the science. In managing a library, good management skills are needed so that all activities is in accordance with the stated goals. Management skills must be possessed by a library leader. He must know the direction, priorities, and goals of the organization at any given time. This is because the more advanced the technology, the more it is possible for libraries to more quickly convey their collections to users. Providing open collections and information to the public is a breakthrough that must be applied by every library. Information is basically a form of human expression in the form of facts and ideas that can be used. Delivering information and obtaining information are the rights of every individual that should not be limited by signs. Based on the literature by the author shows that the library is not only new in the community, libraries have been held everywhere, such as in schools, both public schools and private schools, both elementary and high schools. Likewise in offices, even now public 135 libraries are being promoted both at the city and district levels up to the village level. By definition, school libraries are libraries within school educational institutions, which are integral part of the school concerned and sources of learning to support the achievement of the educational goals of the school concerned. The existence of the school library is not only limited to collect and store library materials, but also to assist students in getting the desired learning materials. As for the teacher, the library becomes the main reference source for obtaining subject matter. The above explanation is in accordance with the results of Tee Lay Swee's research, Abrizah Abdullah revealed that revealed that the current school library is no longer a traditional reading room and study room; they evolved to become information service facilitators and a gateway to the wider world of information (Swee & Abdullah, 2005). Utilization of collections in libraries can be read and borrowed by users to support learning. There are factors that influence the use of school libraries for students, namely the needs, motivation, and type of collection. For this reason, librarians need to work to optimize the library by holding a number of programs. It must be noted that there are supporting and inhibiting factors in efforts to optimize the library. The library can be utilized as a safe space (intellectual) providing opportunities for students to learn about diversity and inclusion, and platforms for building collaborative campus relationships and increasing library visibility. Students visit the library more often during breaks compared to other times. Students use the library for school work and some students do other activities in the library. In terms of borrowing books, students mostly only borrow one book. Many collections do not fit between bookshelves and catalogs / OPAC. The academic library focuses on aspects of information literacy resources. Catalog consortium, inter-library loans. and document delivery has expanded the material available to users. Inter library services have begun to join commercial online, web-based products. The new interface and software capabilities have been busy with technical services (Karplus, 2017). Utilization of collections in libraries can be read and borrowed by the users to support learning. There are factors that influence the use of school libraries for students, namely the needs, motivation, and the types of collection. For this reason, librarians need to work to optimize the library by holding a number of programs. It must be noted that there are supporting and inhibiting factors to optimize the library. Class library resources for children in schools can make teaching and learning very interesting and amazing by using mobile library technology tools to face the information age. Libraries can take advantage of library automation applications, these applications can support operational activities in school libraries which include circulation activities, the collection of collections into the database and data collection of library members. In addition, web 2.0 is used as part of best practices for innovative methods used for library services. Library leaders tend to view the role of the future as being very people-oriented and towards values and see themselves as a kind of catalyst for change. This is consistent with the results of studies that students with relatively higher emotional intelligence scores often visit their university library. A significant positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and academic achievement (GPA) of this student. Management in the library can be characterized as an innate activity, because the library has a basis for gaining knowledge and sharing information. However, there are several frameworks that have characteristics that enable implementation of a library management (De Bem, Coelho, & Dandolini, 2016). Management in the library can be characterized as an innate activity, because the library has a basis for gaining knowledge and sharing information. Libraries will not run well if they are not supported by management. Libraries will not achieve their vision and mission if they are not accompanied by management. However, there are several frameworks that have characteristics that enable implementation of a library management. This review has limitations including; first, the articles are reviewed only in English so other studies are not reviewed because of the limitations. Second, dissertations and these are not discussed in this article because they can cause publication bias in the results. Third, the scope of the articles reviewed is still very limited, and it is very difficult to get literature. Further discussion is needed due to the difficulty of finding literature.

CONCLUSION
This article aims to see how school libraries are managed based on literature reviews from previous research. Most of the literature review results show that it is difficult to obtain literature related to management of libraries. So the authors will explain the findings that show that libraries are needed in schools to support teaching and learning activities. The school library is no longer a traditional reading and study room; they develop into information service facilitators and a gateway to a wider world of information. This review has some limitations, including; First, articles are reviewed in English only so other studios are not reviewed due to limitations. Second, the dissertation and thesis are not discussed in this article as they may cause publication bias in the results. Third, the coverage of the articles review is still limited, and it is very difficult to find the literature. Further discussion is needed because of the difficulty of finding literature. In general, the library is an educational facility to facilitate the teaching and learning process and research. Research is a storehouse of knowledge because it can provide new knowledge. The school library is also called the heart of the educational program. Libraries can help students in schools to improve their performance. The purpose of the library is to help students achieve the specific goals of the school concerned and educational goals in general. Therefore, the library is expected to be used as much as possible in supporting student teaching and learning activities. Therefore, the importance of libraries cannot be ignored in student academic activities. By providing access to the information and intellectual resources needed, libraries can greatly influence student learning and overall academic performance. Libraries are educational institutions and information providers, have good performance if supported by adequate management, so that all institutional activities will lead to efforts to achieve the goals that have been planned. Libraries in educational and information institutions will work best if they are supported by adequate management. The management of all these activities will lead to predetermined goals, so that all elements will try to work in accordance with the needs of the library. Management is indispensable in many lives to organize the steps that must be carried out by all elements in a library. Good management is needed, so that the direction of activities is in accordance with the desired goals. Libraries cannot run well if they do not implement good management. Libraries will not succeed in satisfying users with their information services and all information sources owned by libraries if they are not supported by management. Libraries will not achieve their roles and functions if they do not involve management in their implementation. Several management principles need to be applied, namely planning, structuring, implementing, and controlling necessary for the library to run well. Good management will optimize the function of the library which is expected to be one of the components that improve students' academics. Service is one of the supporting elements of library management.